Reflective essay -Counselling session Essay

In this reflective essay I will provide an analysis of the counselling session I conducted and recorded. This will include a summary of the session. I will also describe the micro and advanced counselling skills utalised, as well as a critical evaluation of their effectiveness. A discussion of my application of these skills, as well as areas of possible improvement will supported by reference to relevant literature. Summary of the session. Leesa is a 37-year-old woman who I have seen around four months previously. At the previous session Leesa spoke of her frustrations at work and of her hopes of securing a promotion. Leesa’s presentation was one of lethargy consistent with someone who was suffering feelings of depression. I began the session by welcoming the client and reminding her of the confidentiality agreement. Leesa had previously worked in the hospitality industry but explained that had decided to terminate her employment after being overlooked for a promotion. She also explained that she had felt a lack of fairness and respect from her employer and fellow employees. Since leaving her position in hospitality Leesa had sought employment through an agency that provides office work opportunities. Leesa explained that she had had four different jobs in the past three months and that she was experiencing a similar feeling of being disrespected. Leesa spoke of experiencing a lack of self-confidence at the moment and a feeling of being stuck as well as frustration and uncertainty around her future direction. However the client was able to identify that she would like to be more financially secure, feel respected at work and to achieve a greater sense of confidence. Leesa spoke of a time when she enjoyed her work and private life more, and was able to relate some of the key differences that contributed to her feeling more respected and confident in general. The client identified that she would like to seek alternative employment that allowed her to take on grater responsibility and that involved less travel. Leesa believed that her employment agency may be able to assist her, but admitted that she had not been discerning about the kinds of roles that she took recently due to her  financial situation. She also disclosed that she had been isolating due to her current state of mind. Accepting a homework challenge Leesa agreed to approach some friends to see if she could catch up with them at the next weekend. She also agreed to compile a list of the sorts of jobs that she felt she was qualified for and believed that she could achieve a greater feeling of responsibility and respect. Leesa said that she would approach her employment agency to see if they could help, and that she would bring her list to the next counseling session. Counselling skills application. Reflecting upon the counseling session it is clear that I utalised a range of conversational micro skills. Attending Behaivour Hackney & Cormier (2009) & McLeod (2007), explain that a counsellor leads by following the client, which is done by encouraging the client to tell their story using verbal and non-verbal encouragers. Another way to explain what attending is that it allows the client to continue talking with minimal interruption (Armstrong, 2006). When watching the recorded session I could observe numerous occasions where examples of attending behaivour are present. For example my posture was relaxed and I leant forward. My tone of voice was moderate and consistent, and I maintained eye contact. I constantly nodded my head and aid â€Å"mm hmm or, oh really†. This combination of skills conveyed that I was interested and empathetic to what the client was saying. Similarly Egan (2010) describes an effective guideline for turning into clients as represented by an acronym: SOLER, which is important in the beginning of any counselling session. This means; S – face the client squarely O – maintain open posture L – lean towards the other E – good eye contact R – relaxed and natural in these behaviours Minimal responses. Throughout the session I used a range of minimal responses that let the client know that I was interested and engaged in what she had to say. It also conveyed that I was empathetic towards her situation. Geldard and Geldard (2009) explain that minimal responses not only convey that the counselor is listening, they can also be used to convey a message, such as surprise, agreement or even to challenge what has been said. The meaning of these minimal responses is also influenced greatly upon the delivery of them. Tone of voice, facial expression, posture and eye movement all help to determine the way in which these messages are received. An example of a minimal response I made that conveyed empathy would have been; when the client was describing her feelings of not being respected in her workplace and I responded by saying: â€Å"sounds horrible†. This short response did not interrupt the flow of conversation, and encouraged the client to continue. My tone of voice and facial exp ressions were also congruent with someone who empathized and was interested in what was being said. Reflective Listening. Summarising, paraphrasing and reflection of feelings are all examples of counselling micro-skills that let the client know that the counselor is listening and understanding them correctly. Although it is important to try to respond accurately it is not essential as an incorrect response can encourage the client to re-think what they have said and then clarify it, possibly resulting in a better understanding for both parties. Geldard and Geldard (2009) explain that these reflections also serve as deepening the therapeutic relationship. And that the most important to be: â€Å" genuinely yourself and aim to create a real, trusting, caring empathetic relationship with the person seeking help.† Examples of when I utalised reflective listening techniques would include: When the client had explained the reasons why she had left her previous employment, I reflected back by saying: â€Å" So you’ve left there you weren’t happy with that job, you felt like you were unfai rly treated, is that..?† Another example would have been after the client had explained that she had experienced a number of negative employment situations within a short period of time. I reflected back: â€Å" Would I be right to suggest that perhaps you are feeling a bit stuck, you’re not really sure what you are doing? †. Questioning Techniques and Advanced Counselling Skills. During the session I used a range of open and closed questions. I opened the session by referring back to the subject of her difficulties at work covered in the previous session and then asked: â€Å" How has that been going?† Later I asked the client: â€Å"Can you tell me a little more about the situation, what was going on for you?† Overall I was happy with the mix of open and closed questions. It felt like I was getting the information I needed, without interrupting the client. The counseling modality I used was solution focused. I tried to structure the session with Egan’s ‘Three Stage Model’ in mind. Egan (2010) provides a structured and solution focused approach that can be broken into 3 major sections. The initial part of the session saw me ask a range of questions designed to ascertain ‘what was going on?’ For the next section: ‘What do I want instead?’ I used a range of questioning techniques. For example: ‘s caling questions’. At a point in the session it had been identified that the client had become stuck and was unsure of what direction to take due to a series of negative experiences at work. The client had agreed that a pattern had emerged she felt disrespected at work. At this point I also felt a little stuck. It felt as if I should explore this as a theme and try to help the client to identify her blind spots. However I also felt like it might be counterproductive to challenge the client at that stage, as she appeared to have a low self-image. At the time, although uncertain it felt a little dangerous to examine her role in the situation. In order to firstly establish that the clients self esteem was low, and to then help her to identify what would have to change for her to feel better I asked her to rate her level of self-esteem, or confidence on a scale of one-to-ten. Her response was a three. This strategy was useful in establishing that the client was unhappy and felt stuck in her situation, and therefore provided a platform to work with. However it was not successful in helping the client to identify ‘what she wants instead’ (Egan 2010). I was unsure at this point as to weather the client was genuinely uncertain of what she would like to change or if she was reluctant to say. It was this feeling that led me to self-disclose. This gave me the opportunity to express empathy indirectly and to help the client feel like the relationship was equal. Geldard and Geldard (2009). It was also useful  in clarifying that she felt frustration and not the anxiety that was present in my disclosure. In an effort to move to Egan’s second stage I chose to ask a variation of the ‘miracle question’. De Jong and Berg (2008), propose that the miracle question allows the client an opportunity to step out of their current situation for a moment and consider the possibility of something better (as cited in Corey 2013). Although the client’s response was not immediate she could identify that she wanted â€Å"to be more financially stable, to have more confidence, and to be respected.† I then asked the client â€Å" Has there ever been a time in your working like, that you can remember where you felt respected and happy at work?† This question had an almost immediate positive reaction, as evidenced by the clients change in posture and facial expression. This coincided with what might have ordinarily been the negative situation of a refrigerator making a loud noise. However this situation added a useful element of humor that would probably not been possible. â€Å"Both clients and counselors can enrich a relationship through humor† (Corey 2013 p.31). Having identified that there was a time when things were different, coupled with the comfortableness achieved through humor, it felt like I had permission to ask what was different in her personal life at that time. The responses gave me the information I needed to begin to help the client look at Egan’s (2010) third stage of ‘how do I get to what I want?’ This also gave me the opportun ity to work with the immediacy that was evident in the change of mood when the client reflected upon a time when her life was going well. This person-centered approach added a real sense of genuiness to the relationship and allowed the client to identify emotionally connect with the difference in her life at that time (Corey 2013). During a summary of what was different, when the client’s life was going well new information was disclosed that the client had not been discerning about the jobs that she took due to her financial situation. I made the comment that; â€Å"that was understandable, we all have to pay our bills†, thus normalizing the clients experience, Normalising a clients experience can help them to look at their situation more positively Geldard and Geldard (2009). This was useful as the session moved into the third stage of the framework provided by Egan (2010). During this stage we brainstormed ways in which the client could access alternative employment, and also how to achieve greater life balance through recreational activities. The client agreed to continue to develop this list and to approach some employment agencies. She also agreed to contact some friends socially the following weekend as a homework tasks. Tompkins (2006) suggests that there are clear advantages to the counselor and client working in a collaborative manor in negotiating mutually agreeable homework tasks. (as cited in Corey 2013). I felt that overall the session went well. At times I think I could have injected more energy into my responses. It is strange, as I felt more enthusiastic inside than what was conveyed. I was happy that I could work to a framework and I found that I enjoy the positivity of the solution-focused modality. It did seem a little too perfect at times, which is difficult to avoid in a role-play situation. References. Armstrong, P. (2006). The practice of counselling. Melbourne: Thomson Higher Education Corey, G (2012). Theory and Practice of Counselling and Psychotherapy. 9th.Ed. Melbourne. Canage Learning. Egan, G. (2010). The Skilled Helper 9th Ed. Belmont, USA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Geldard, G & Geldard, K (2012) 7th Ed. Basic Personal Counselling: A Training manual for counsellors. N.S.W Australia. Pearson.

Anderlini and Clover Essay

In their article, Anderlini and Clover (2009) speak about China’s and Russia’s desire to purchase IMF bonds. While China considers buying about $50bn of IMF bonds, Russia seeks to spend no more than $10bn for these purposes. Both countries will use these investments according to essential criteria of reasonable returns and safety, which are in no way associated with the countries’ search for additional political power in international contexts. It appears that for Russia and China to purchase IMF bonds means to express their desire to trace and monitor the distribution of international monetary commitments. The money Russia and China are prepared to pay for IMF bonds is expected to help developing countries tackle with the major economic challenges. For example, Russia proposes that IMF uses additional funds to help Ukraine resolve its gas issues with Russia (Aderlini & Clover, 2009). Although the IMF is not very optimistic with regard to sponsoring Ukraine in its balance payment issues, purchasing bonds may shape a good ground for better stability in broader financial markets. Response The fact of Russia and China seeking to purchase IMF bonds signifies the growing international commitment to reducing trade barriers. With the growing realization of the benefits which the reduction of trade barriers can bring internationally, the IMF bonds and additional funds can be readily used to support developing countries in their striving to better trade liberalization and business openness. On the one hand, the developed countries’ desire to stimulate international trade signifies their preparedness to better dialogue with developing countries in terms of business and trade. On the other hand, such openness also provides developing countries with better chances to become a part of the developed business community. As a result, whether the changes in the structure of international financial assets help reduce trade barriers also depends on how well countries and organizations manage them. Response 1 In his article, Bogoslaw (2009) suggests that the time has come when India, Brazil, and China should become the major investment targets. Given that the state of economy is not limited to economic markets in the U.  S. , it is more than important to look beyond the boundaries of the American economic attractiveness and to provide other countries with a better chance for economic growth. It should be noted, that the concept of market economic system is integrally linked to the concept of economic freedom, and where countries seek to implement the principles of market economy these imply the absence or minimization of governmental involvement. In case of China, India, and Brazil, governments still remain the powerful elements of economic growth. Simultaneously, dozens of smaller developing countries need additional investments for their gradual transition to free market relationships. Thus, not Brazil or India with their well-established economic images, but other developing countries with sound legal systems and investment opportunities should attract additional funds. In any case, stocks and investments always involve risk, and if investors believe that by cooperating with India or China they secure themselves from the major losses, they are deeply mistaken. Response 2  For many years, embargos have been an effective measure of economic and diplomatic discipline. The leading world powers frequently apply to embargo as the measure of last resort, and whenever countries are unwilling to follow the basic principles of international legal or economic conduct, embargos appears the most reliable method of imposing balanced legal and economic requirements on them. It appears that to stop supplying countries with the critical resources is more important that trying to persuade such countries to change their convictions and political beliefs. It should be noted, that embargo implies putting a legal ban on commerce, and individuals are those who suffer these limitations the most. As a result, whether embargo is an effective measure depends on what perspective one chooses to review its benefits and drawbacks, but that embargos significantly reduce the scope of the major business operations and prevent individuals from achieving their individual purposes is clear.

Entrepreneur Interview & Personal Analysis Essay - 1

Entrepreneur Interview & Personal Analysis - Essay Example The opportunity is at the center of the process, however, the identification opportunity and its realization depends upon the personality of the entrepreneur and his team. Other important elements of Timmons’s model are technical expertise and experience required to cash on the identified opportunity. The finance and other resources are placed at the last of this model of entrepreneurial process. (Lebherz, 2010, p.16-20) Specific questions were articulated to gain Mr. Hudson reaction on each element of the Timmons’s model. Clutching an opportunity requires a vigilant eye on current issues and openings. First three questions are focused to gain some knowledge of innovative thoughts that help Mr. Hudson to conceive the idea of the Edge Technologies. Because Mr. Hudson is not a descendent of an entrepreneur family, the enterprise realization is a display of his leadership and managerial qualities. The second question is targeted to gain his input on early strategic plannin g he did to minimize risks and enhance the chances of his success being an entrepreneur. Early shocks of business are a sheer test of entrepreneur courage and character. Third question is aimed at learning about the things that went wrong and posed a challenge to the existence and continuation of corporate operations. This might be very helpful in the assessment of an entrepreneurial character and can provide important insights into the strength of strategic plans laid down in early phases of enterprise establishment. The next section of the interview is aimed at understanding some personal attributes and characteristics of Mr. Hudson personality. This includes his concept of a successful entrepreneur and personal independence, which serves as lighthouse to guide rest of the entrepreneurial activities and forms the basis of other principles. Bygrave & Andrew (2010, p. 52) observes, â€Å"It does appear that entrepreneurs have a higher internal locus of control, than non-entrepreneu rs, which means that they have a stronger desire to be in control of their own fate.† The success of an entrepreneur is characterized by his attitude, ambition, confidence, knowledge, skills and experience. A variable mix of these personal attributes defines the future direction of the business and decides the way corporate objectives are pursued. Among all the attribute of an entrepreneur that contributes towards the success, the most significant is the knowledge of personal strengths and weaknesses. It is important for an entrepreneur to know exactly what shortcomings he needs to avoid and where he can zoom into his strengths. Some of the questions were designed to gain a professional and technical insight into the business. Despite of the over whelming influence of the entrepreneur on the enterprise, an efficient team is required to materialize and achieve corporate goals. This team marks the difference how risks and financial challenges to the enterprise are interpreted an d responded. Moreover, Mr. Hudson’s response on policymaking in the enterprise was sought to catch on his corporate philosophy and decision-making process. The concern of an entrepreneur for his society in this age is considered very important towards the fulfillment of corporate responsibility. Towards the end of Mr. Hudson interview, a question was targeted to get his input on social awareness. The last question was

Mental Health psychosocial intervention assignment Essay

Mental Health psychosocial intervention assignment - Essay Example The patient stated that he also hears voices that he can control as long as he does not drink and stays on his medications. Patient had stated that he had bouts of depression and has had suicidal ideations. The patient knows that he needs to be compliant with his medications and has been known not to take his medicine. In thinking about new therapies for this patient you as the nurse, doctor or as a therapist should think to include more psychosocial interventions to make him feel comfortable, so that he will want to continue to take his medications and not want to drink that he knows causes his various problems. The caregivers should think about Social training groups, relaxation skills, and various activities that will improve coping skills. When the patient first arrives at the hospital for the coming admission you could ask him if he remembers doing any of this before to see about his level of consciousness. Working with any patients like Gary the caregivers should try to figure what Coping Mechanisms should be used and not used. You will have to identify the problem and set up a goal that will help the patient learn how to deal with his problem or problems. You know that the patient has recurring depression, is an alcoholic, and he says that he hears voices and can at time become violent due to these voices. The caregivers can think of ideas that can give the patient social support and strength so that he will not rely on the voices he hears. You can check into the resources that did not work and find out why he did not use them and then you can try to find new resources that may work. Case Study Gary a 51-year old male with previous admissions, but has decided to discharge himself from the hospital AMA (Against Medical Advice). The patient has a history of Depression due to financial stress and due to this stress he drinks alcohol so much that he suffers from alcoholism. The patient admits to have suicidal ideations and has even taken an overdose of his m edications. This is the reason that is being admitted this time. Due to this overdose due to feeling stress of his financial problems and then he drinks and aggressive issues arise and the patient gets into fights when the patient hears the ‘voices’ in his head telling him to hurt other people. The patient does admit that he can control the ‘voices’ when he is compliant with his medications, but when the patient is intoxicated his mental status decreases and could become violent. The patient does not always seek help in the community due to his past behaviors. Discussion of Psychosocial Interventions A review of psychosocial interventions begins with Erikson and for this patient, Gary, he needs to work on trust versus mistrust. The patient must want and feel trust with the caregivers while in the hospital and then he must feel comfortable in his community when he is discharged from the hospital. The patient must also work on autonomy versus shame and doubt. The patient can do this by wanting to learn about the how and why that his medications must be taken regularly and that he can learn to do this on his own and that he does not have to worry about his financial problems, because he will be given ideas that will help him in the community. The patient feels alone and this brings on depression and then the drinking and all the other problems and if the patient

Ad analysie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ad analysie - Essay Example A fallacy is also referred to as a false statement, notion or an argument. Fallacies are based on invalid or false inferences, erroneousness or incorrectness of belief of reasoning. The fragrance Peace Love ad has used fallacies in various ways including the appeal of emotion fallacy. The fallacy of emotion has been emphasized by capture the attention of people and especially women who are willing to be self-actualized. Regardless of the fact those emotions are unable to control the logical thinking of individuals; it is beyond doubt that when the emotions are strong, they can undermine rational thoughts. The fragrance is a form of self-actualization need. A greater part of individuals have a great desire to self-fulfillment. In other words, people have an inclination to be actualized in what they are potential. Although sometimes, the self-actualization needs cannot be fulfilled until the lower order needs are fulfilled, People yearn more to be

Critical evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical evaluation - Essay Example These two research methodologies, quantitative and qualitative, generally polarize along the objective (quantitative) and subjective (qualitative) continuum, yet Park and Ernst's study has aspects of both. They summarize their study as "a systematic review of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of Ayurvedic medicine for RA." Thus, it is qualitative in nature. However, their research design and meticulous literature search are consistent with quantitative studies - structured, repeatable, well documented and theory based. The integrity of a literature study depends on the integrity of trial selection. Biased trial selection can bias the study. The authors took noteworthy precautions to ensure the study's integrity. They found only seven RCTs meeting their inclusion criteria: After their comprehensive search, the authors indicate they identified 33 trials. This is a satisfactory sample size, but their review revealed trials with methodological concerns, particularly non-randomization, observational structures, or lacking controls. Once these trials were excluded, they had a sample size of seven. The seven selected, meeting the strict inclusion criteria, were methodologically sound. They incorporated important tenets of scientific research, being systematic, controlled, and empirical. The authors detailed their team's search strategy including: Electronically searching major databases (Medline, Embase, AMED, Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, and the abstract service of Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha [CCRAS]) Hand searching 4 relevant Sri Lankan and Indian journals not in the electronic databases Electronically and hand searching the authors' personal files Further, they detailed their keyword selection for the searches and indicated imposing no language restrictions. Documenting that trial selection was predicated upon documented keywords reduced the potential for both overt and covert bias, enhancing objectivity while minimizing subjectivity. Documenting that trial selection was performed scientifically and not according to the authors' personal choices allows the reader to better interpret the information as they see fit, rather than reading a study that reflects the authors' opinions. To further educate readers, Park and Ernst provide a comprehensive paragraph on how they scored and reviewed the articles. In addition to ensuring that each article was reviewed by a person speaking the language of the trial article, they noted that they followed the QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and used a standardized score (Jadad) for assessing methodological quality. The authors document scientifically why they believed the study of value

CNN International and Al-Jazeera Arabic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

CNN International and Al-Jazeera Arabic - Essay Example CNN International started transmissions on January 1, 1984 at first broadcasting to American business travelers in hotels. The huge bulk of the network's programming primitively consisted of simulcasts of the two domestic CNN channels, CNN/US and Headline News. However, the quantity of news programming created by CNN International especially for international viewers significantly enhanced, in 1990, which came forth as an internationally oriented news channel with staff members of various national backgrounds. On July 4, 1997, CNN International was awarded the Liberty Medal and in accepting the medal on behalf of the network, Ted Turner said: "My idea was, we're just going to give people the facts†¦We didn't have to show liberty and democracy as good, and show socialism or totalitarianism as bad. If we just showed them both the way they were†¦clearly everybody's going to choose liberty and democracy." ... ates was launched on January 11, 2009 and CNN International adjusted half an hour in its schedule with a new evening prime program for the Middle East viewers â€Å"Prism†. From January till September 2009, CNN International conformed more programs that went pitched to a primetime European audience with a few titled after CNN International charismas especially the interview program Amanpour. The channel plunged a new tagline "Go Beyond Borders", accenting the international view that gives the information in this string and the plurality of the audiences and also referring to the various platforms to broadcast their contents, along with a new logo on September 21, 2009. The Channel amalgamated its general newscasts (CNN Today, Your World Today, World News, World News Europe and World News Asia) into a single newscast entitled World Report. CNN International has launched new programs for evening-prime and meliorated its schedule from 2010. The Domestic CNN has increased the CNN International schedule by adding the new talk show program â€Å"Piers Morgan Tonight† in 2011. Today, CNN International has six variants namely: CNN International Europe/Middle East/Africa, based in London, England, United Kingdom; CNN International Latin America based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA; CNN International North America based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA; CNN International Asia Pacific based in Hong Kong SAR, China; CNN International South Asia based in Hong Kong SAR, China; and CNN International Middle East, based in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.3 Al-Jazeera Owned by the state of Qatar and headquartered in Doha, Qatar, Al Jazeera is an independent broadcaster through the Qatar Media Corporation. Al Jazeera was initially launched as an Arabic news and current affairs satellite TV channel and

Do I look like Public Enemy Number One(can change) Essay

Do I look like Public Enemy Number One(can change) - Essay Example Is it really true that religious identity of a person itself can be their enemy? It is a known fact that terrorism has aroused much anger and rage among U.S public regarding the evil objective of Arab Muslims. As per (Danios) â€Å"If one follows the cable news networks, it seems as if all terrorists are Muslims. It has even become axiomatic in some circles to chant: â€Å"Not all Muslims are terrorists, but nearly all terrorists are Muslims†. But targeting innocent lives like the author Ali is not agreeable. The author here is questioning her character and responsibility as an American and is enquiring to the world as to whether be she a culprit to America for just being an Arab and Muslim. The author here is confessing about the helplessness she experience towards her religion and ethnic background and the biased outlook of Americans which changed her respect for herself. The author in dilemma does not understand what to expect from self and the public. The religion does mold a person but it cannot alter the nature of one’s soul and heart. Ali is half Muslim but does that make her terrorist? Terrorism is a sect who is fanatics and radicals and they are cultured with a religious and political motive. Every Muslim like Ali cannot be tagged as a terrorist and savaged throughout life as it is ignorance, humiliation and prejudism.Human values are conditioned and Ali is a woman who has American values as she grew up in a liberal atmosphere. Public needs to be more vigilant while considering the personal values and ethics before criticizing or suppressing a person based on ethnicity and religion. The article is all about the mentality and attitude of Americans who are racist and prejudiced and who is living in fear of terrorism. The article reflects the life of innocent Muslim population who has to undergo the traumatic reaction of atrocities of terrorist, who are selfish and negligent. According to

Mobile Video Internet Search and Summary Research Paper

Mobile Video Internet Search and Summary - Research Paper Example Mobile video, which encompass smart phones, Iphones and other gadgets of similar caliber were handheld components mostly preferred by protesters and demonstrators as they agitated for the elimination of tyrannical powers, for instance, in Egypt (Boughelaf). People were capable of sharing ideas, slogans, videos and frustrations they so far endured while under tyrannical individuals who due to the sycophancy of traditional Medias made the majority ignorant by threatening them (Stoughton, India). Therefore, through mobile video gadgets, the then incumbent powers did not have any limitation, which they can impose on people except to terminate phones’ supply from western states, but they had already made their citizens’ hands (Shanley). For instance, Duffy (54) in his study cites how most handheld phones now evident among middle class society contributed to effective communication in such a way tyranny powers cannot limit users’ freedom. In Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and L ibya people besides being protesters, almost all of them turned out to be â€Å"journalist reporters† though not in acting it. Since, they took pictures and videos only to flood them in FaceBook, Twitter and YouTube, which currently have large pool of fans (Duffy 53). This helped to disseminate Arab Spring information incomparable to other authorized state Medias (Duffy 54). Hence, being a significant factor that contributed immensely in overturning tyrannical icons especially in Arab regions. Since, it only took the courage of an individual to update an observed repression state then followed by numerous comments of similar caliber expressing frustrations, which then resulted to active action like in Egypt. What are the possibilities now for viewing TV shows on mobile devices? Mobile knowhow has not only perfected its varied applications with the aid of phones but also extended in airing TV shows (Heather). Therefore, fans of diverse shows do not have to part with what they can watch while in the comfort of their homes but also while travelling with the aid of their handheld Iphones, Galaxies and smart phones (Heather). Presently, it is not a shock to find some Wi-Fi enabled public buses installed for passengers to access internet with their phones, which is a marketing strategy in some of Third states especially in Kenya and Uganda (Okwii). This is due to low-priced gadgets, which respective corporations have offered thus enabling even middle class people be in possession of them besides installed in public vehicles. Consequently, this avails masses with large pool of information irrespective of their place and time such that despite being out of residential confinements can still enjoy TV shows they normally love. Presently, the argument concerning â€Å"possibility† of watching TV shows via mobile gadgets is not a future anticipated enjoyment but already realized goal. This is because the knowhow despite being new to some states especially in Middle East is already rampant in other states whereby users they only need to have an internet connection (mostly wireless). In some states, this is already a realized goal whereby some mobile subscribers especially in Kenya, which even offer bundles for internet fanatics via their mobile gadgets (Okwii). Hence, they are capable of watching not only TV shows but also global matches of their favorite teams. PR Newswire

The immortal part by Housman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The immortal part by Housman - Essay Example Housman & Irwin’s argument in this poem regards human bones as being immortal, which is contrary to the obvious notion. He skillfully states diverse aspects, for instance, mind and soul with a clear elaboration meant to convince his readers to perceive what he deems is immortal. Besides, he also utilizes pessimism to draw his audience to accept his perception (Housman & Irwin 60). This is evident from his expertise of employing high clichà © introduction then skillfully overturns the entire argument thus managing to entangle the reader’s mind (Housman & Irwin 59). Therefore, this leaves one doubting and questioning the already known notion about immortality. His vivid elaboration coupled with sheer comparison with diverse aspects, which comprises human existence aids him to grasp reader’s attention to extend of some believing him. According to him, bones bear immortality that has no comparison with even former esteemed life’s immortal aspects. He states, â€Å"Of dying flesh and dying soul (16)† where according to him the latter’s (soul) existence is

The Beer Industry Insights Essay Example for Free

The Beer Industry Insights Essay Carlsberg Group is the fourth largest brewer in the world. Our extensive port- folio of beer brands provides a beer for every occasion and palate. Our flagship brand, Carlsberg, is one of the best- known beer brands in the world, and Baltika, Carlsberg, Tuborg and Kronen- bourg are among the biggest brands in Europe. In addition, we have a wide range of leading beer brands in local markets. Our business is focused in Western Europe, Eastern Europe and Asia, where we have strong market positions. The rest of the world is mainly serviced through export or license agreements. Western Europe: Carlsberg is the second largest brewer in Western Europe, and in 2012 they had a 40bp market growth in this area. Eastern Europe: Carlsberg holds a strong no. 1 position in the region’s main market, Russia, and very strong positions in the other markets in the region. In 2012 they had a 38,2% market share in the area. Asia: Carlsberg’s Asian portfolio of businesses consists of mature markets such as Malaysia, Hong Kong and Singapore as well as investments in growing beer markets such as China, India and Vietnam. In 2012 their organic beer volume growth was 9%. China is the worlds largest beer market. Carlsberg and the Market: For more than tree decades, Carlsberg has been one of the largest commercial sponsors of professional football, and Carlsberg beer and football are almost inseparable. * Since 2008, stadium beer sales has gone up 40% * There has been 6. 6 million visitors to fan parks * There has been 1 million cups of beer sold during half-time at the final. *Carlsbergs focus concerning the macro environment: see corporate social responsibility report COMPETITORS Heineken Heineken is the 3rd largest brewer in the world. HEINEKEN is a proud, independent global brewer committed to surprise and excite consumers everywhere. Four key attributes make the Company different: Heineken ® is the first and only truly global beer brand, enjoyed in 178 countries around the world; a unique, worldwide footprint with operations in 71 countries, ensuring a broader reach for our brands than any other brewer; an internationally diverse, dynamic, committed and entrepreneurial team of around 70,000 employees; and the passion of the Heineken family remains as strong today as it was in 1864 when we first started brewing beer. Western Europe: HEINEKEN is Europe’s leading brewer. We have operating companies in 10 countries and an Export and Duty Free business. Revenue â‚ ¬7,785 million, 42,3% Central and Eastern Europe: HEINEKEN has a rich product portfolio of leading brands.? We have operating companies in 14 countries and we own and operate more than 50 breweries across the region. Revenue â‚ ¬3,280 million, 17,8% Americas: We operate 20 majority-owned breweries and seven joint venture breweries in a region characterised by attractive, growing and profitable markets. Revenue â‚ ¬4,523 million, 24,6% Africa and the Middle East: HEINEKEN first imported beer into Africa in 1900. Today we have operating companies? in 20 countries in the region and brew a number of blockbuster brands. Revenue â‚ ¬2,639 million, 14,4% Asia: The acquisition of Asia Pacific Breweries means we now have? a presence in 19 countries in the region and operate 25 breweries. In India our joint venture company is UBL. It is the market leader and has 18 breweries. Revenue â‚ ¬527 million, 2,9%. Organizarion goal and objectives: Heinekens five business priorities: Each one helps us to achieve our goal of winning in all markets with Heineken ® and with a full brand portfolio in markets where we choose. * Aims for sustainable growth as a broad market leader and segment leadership * Expand and optimize brand portfolio * Embraced innovation as a key component of their strategy in areas of production, marketing, communication and packaging * Goal is to grow the business in a sustainable and consistent manner, while consistently improving profitability SWOT Heineken Strengths1. Heineken’s leading brand portfolio includes more than 170 international premium, regional, local and specialty beers. 2. The company has undertaken various advertising and promotional initiatives, which has improved its brand equity. 3. Strong brand portfolio helps the company to create a favorable image in the market and ensures stable revenues.? 4. Heineken has a large network of breweries. It owns over 125 breweries in more than 70 countries. 5. Since the breweries are located close to their end markets, the company is in a position to serve fresh beer to customers. 6. A geographically widespread plant network reduces transportation costs as well. 7. Strong network of breweries helps the company boost customer satisfaction and reduce costs8. Excellent branding and top of the mind recall owing to advertising and sponsorship initiatives| Weaknesses1. Beer markets in Western Europe faced a challenging year due to the combined impact of the financial crisis, mixed weather, smoking bans and unprecedented increases in excise duties? 2. Maintaining corporate values, image and quality standards in various countries is a challenge3. Being a leader susceptible to fake imitation products| Opportunities1. Heineken’s acquisition of other breweries and brands2. Expand product line – for new areas and to accommodate changes in taste and preference.? 3. Innovations contribute to the top-line growth and to the strength of the Heineken brand in particular. 4. Integration forwards and backward. 5. Driving top-line growth by winning customers at the point of purchase has been the key rationale behind the roll-out of Heineken’s extra Cold program. 6. Falling trade and ownership regulations in foreign countries. | Threats1. Tax regulations on the beer industry2. An increasingly negative perception in society towards alcohol could prompt legislators to restrictive measures. 3. Slowed industry growth rate. 4. Legal issues dealing with underage drinking – retailer’s license may be revoked or suspended. 5. Heineken has many operations in mature beer markets where the attractiveness of the beer category is being challenged by other beverage categories. 6. Changing buyer taste and preference. 7. Input costs (including transportation and energy) have accelerated to unprecedented levels in the past few years. | AB-InBev Anheuser-Busch InBev is the leading global brewer and one of the world’s top five consumer products companies. Our dream, shared by 118 000 people around the globe, is to be the Best Beer Company in a Better World. That means brewing beers with a heritage of quality and craftsmanship dating back to 1366, while maintaining an unwavering commitment to responsible drinking, environmental stewardship and the betterment of the communities in which we operate. A true consumer-centric, sales-driven organization, we have a strong, balanced brand portfolio, including six of the 10 most valuable beer brands in the world*, and we hold the No. 1 or No. 2 position in many of the? world’s leading beer markets. In 2012, our total revenues were 39. 8 billion USD. Our portfolio consists of over 200 beer brands, including three global brands, Budweiser, Stella Artois and Beck’s; fast-growing multi- country brands Leffe and Hoegaarden; and strong â€Å"local champions†, such as Bud Light, Skol, Brahma, Antarctica, Quilmes, Michelob Ultra, Harbin, Sedrin, Klinskoye, Sibirskaya Korona, Chernigivske, Hasseroder and Jupiler, among others. Headquartered in Leuven, Belgium, Anheuser-Busch InBev operates? in 23 countries worldwide and works through six geographic Zones: North America, Latin America North, Latin America South, Western Europe, Central Eastern Europe and Asia Pacific — enabling consumers around the world to enjoy our products. Strategy: the words we live by â€Å"Our dream inspires us to be the Best Beer Company in a Better World — our People and our Culture make it happen. † Dream: Our shared dream energizes everyone to work in the same direction: to be the Best Beer Company in a Better World. Everything we achieve begins with our shared dream: to be the Best Beer Company in a Better World. This dream has inspired us not only to build and grow one of the leading global consumer products companies but also to commit ourselves to improving the world around us by promoting responsible drinking, environmental stewardship and involvement in our communities. Our dream is ambitious but credible, and we know that by stretching to achieve great things, we will become the size of our dream. People: Great people, allowed to grow at the pace of their talent and compensated accordingly, are the most valuable assets of our company. We know that great people are the key to transforming a great dream into reality. Our dream is shared by 118 000 AB InBev colleagues around the world, who represent our greatest asset and our only sustainable competitive advantage. It is because of our people — and their talent, engagement, drive and sense of purpose — that we have been able to deliver on our commitments to our customers, our shareholders, our communities and one another. Great people, motivated by leaders who clear the way for them to perform at their best, attract more great people to our company. And we believe that great people are attracted by an atmosphere of meritocracy, informality and candor. Our approach is to hire people with the potential to be better than we are, to ensure that leaders engage them fully and to provide challenging experiences to help them develop. We invest heavily in attracting the best people, developing their potential and enriching their opportunities through a range of programs and initiatives. Culture: * We are never completely satisfied with our results, which are the fuel of our company. Focus and zero complacency guarantee lasting competitive advantage. * The consumer is the Boss. We connect with our consumers through meaningful brand experiences, balancing heritage and innovation, and always in a responsible way. * We are a company of owners. Owners take results personally. * We believe common sense and simplicity are usually better guidelines than unnecessary sophistication? and complexity. * We manage our costs tightly, to free up resources that will support top-line growth. * Leadership by personal example is the best guide to our culture. We do what we say. * We don’t take shortcuts. Integrity, hard work, quality and consistency are keys to building our company. North America total volumes increased 0. 6% in 2012 AB InBev’s shipment volumes in the United States and selling-day adjusted sales-to- retailers (STRs) grew 0. 7% and 0. 4%, respectively. The company estimates it continued to make good progress on market share in the U. S. , with market share down less than 20 bps in 2012, due to significant improvements in the premium-plus category following the roll-out of Bud Light Platinum and Bud Light Lime Lime-A-Rita. These innovations helped the company to grow the market share of the Bud Light Family by approximately 70 bps in 2012 Michelob Ultra, Shock Top, Stella Artois and AB InBev’s other high-end brands also grew share, while company’s share remained under pressure as a result of softness in Budweiser and the company’s pricing strategy of closing the gap between sub- premium and premium brands within its portfolio. In Canada, beer volumes increased by 0. 1% in 2012 mostly driven by a tough comparison in terms of industry, poor weather and the ice hockey lock-out. Latin America North volumes grew 3. 0%, with beer volume growth of 2. 7% and soft drinks up 3. 7%. In Brazil, beer volumes increased 2. 5%, benefiting from an estimated industry growth of 3. 2%, a strong 2012 Carnival execution, the positive effect of higher consumer disposable income in 2012 additional price promotions in the fourth quarter of 2012 following the partial postponement of the tax increase announced on September 2012 as well as strong execution of commercial initiatives. Premium brands continued to grow ahead of the rest of the company’s portfolio. The company estimates that Budweiser, which has been in the market over a year, became the largest international premium brand in Brazil during the fourth quarter of 2012 Stella Artois is also growing quickly with over 45% volume growth during 2012 The company estimates that its market share was down by 50 bps during 2012 reaching an average of 68. 5%, primarily due to price increases in the third quarter of 2012 Latin America South total volumes decreased 0. 8%, with beer volumes up 0. 1% and non-beer volumes down 2. 2%, respectively. In Argentina beer volumes declined 0. 4%, driven by an uncertain consumer environment and a weak industry. However, a strong performance from Quilmes and Stella Artois led to continued strong market share performance. Western Europe own beer volumes declined 3. 5%, while total volumes declined 4. 2%. Total own products, including cider, declined by 3. 0% in 2012. Own beer volumes in Belgium declined 4. 1%, driven by a weak, weather-related industry performance in the first half of the year. In Germany, own beer volumes fell 1. 4%. The company estimates that its market share was ahead during 2012 driven by a strong performance of its focus brands Beck’s and Hasseroder. In the United Kingdom, own product volumes decreased by 8. 2%, mainly driven by a weak industry and market share pressure due to competitive activity in the off-trade channel. Central and Eastern Europe volumes decreased 11. 3%. In Russia, beer volumes fell 12. 0%, driven by industry weakness following regulatory changes. Market share loss was driven by the implementation of tax-related and other selective price increases ahead of competitors, and promotional pressure in key account channels. However, the company continued to make progress with the optimization of its brand portfolio, with its premium and superpremium brands, including Sibirskaya Korona, Bud, Stella Artois, Hoegaarden and Lowenbrau gaining share, and now representing 35% of total volumes. Bud reached an estimated market share of 1. 4%. In Ukraine, beer volumes decreased 10. 3% in 2012 driven by a weak industry and market share loss. However, Bud achieved an estimated market share of 1% during the nine months since launch. Asia Pacific beer volumes grew 1. 9%. In China, beer volumes grew 1. 9% as industry volumes in our footprint declined by almost12% during the last quarter of 2012 due to severe cold and wet weather. Nevertheless, the company estimates it gained market share in China. The focus brands Budweiser, Harbin and Sedrin grew 8. 1% in 2012 SWOT AB InBev Strengths * They have a leading position in the market, due to which they are now an international company. * Their production line is very strong, and this is the reason why their brand is known all over the world. * They are much concerned about the making of their brands. These capabilities make them one of the leading brands around the globe. * They came up in the market when there was no such other beverage making industry in the country. | Weaknesses * Their concentration in the market is low. And this is the only reason why their customers are moving to other brands. * The trust on wholesalers is one of the major negative point about the company. * Anheuser Busch is having a problem in making the sufficient amount of beverages needed. * People have taken on the truth that due to some reasons this company is producing an imperfect amount of beer or beverages when it is needed the most. | Opportunities * By growing beer consumption in China, they will do more business. As China is one of the emerging countries and is a well named IT country, this will definitely help their business to expand internationally. * Joining hands with other companies and setting up the business in other countries, will led them to have strong sponsor ship and life time agreements. * By focusing on other drinks, they will increase their brand and in doing so their market shares will increase. * They can also run their business directly through the computers. So that the clients can be connected with them. | Threats * If some other beer Brewer Companies unites together, than this will be really challenging for Anheuser Busch to survive in the market. * The rise in the prices of the raw materials, which are used in the manufacturing, will result in the decrease of their production. * The change in the preferences is also another big risk for the company. * If they ever drop their real image in the market than it is going to be real hard for them to keep up the position in the present market. | SABMiller SABMiller is the 2nd largest brewer in the world, with more than 200 beer brands and some 70,000 employees in over 75 countries. We also have growing businesses in soft drinks and we are one of the world’s largest bottlers of Coca-Cola products. SABMiller has become a global leader by doing business locally, pursuing operational excellence and offering high-quality products backed by innovation and a commitment? to sustainability. Our success is built on a clear strategic direction, a shared vision and mission and a common set of values. Latin America: 32% Contribution to group EBITA 2012. 17 breweries, 14 bottling plants. * Our primary brewing and beverage operations cover six countries across South and Central America (Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, and Peru). * In each of these countries, we are the number one brewer by market share. * We are also the third largest brewer in Argentina. * We bottle soft drinks for The Coca-Cola Company in El Salvador and Honduras, and for Pepsico International in Panama. * Regional office: Bogota, Colombia. Strategic focus area: * Drive strong top-line growth by expanding consumer occasions and entering adjacent categories * Increase share of alcohol and capitalise on differentiated and expanded brand and package portfolios * Optimise and extend distribution network and sales reach * Protect our licence to trade and business sustainability * Pursue operational excellence and efficiency in our businesses, optimising resources? and costs Europe: 14% Contribution to group EBITA 2012, 17 breweries. †¢ Our primary brewing operations cover eight countries – the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain (Canary Islands) and the Netherlands. †¢ In the majority of these countries,? we are the number one or two brewer by market share. †¢ A further 16 countries including Russia, Turkey and the Ukraine are covered in a strategic alliance with Anadolu Efes through either brewing, soft drinks or export operations. †¢ We export significant volumes to a further eight European markets, of which the largest are the UK and Germany. †¢ Regional office: Zug, Switzerland. Strategic focus area: * Drive superior organic revenue growth and margin expansion through growing perceived category benefits and value per serving * Structure and shape the category by driving our full brand portfolios in growth segments in key markets through innovative 360 degree marketing programmes * Continue to drive differentiation through innovating in product, packaging and dispense systems * Design for scale, cost advantage and focus North America: 13% Contribution to group EBITA 2012. 8 breweries. †¢ MillerCoors is a joint venture with Molson Coors Brewing Company, formed in 2008 by bringing together the US and Puerto Rican operations of both groups. †¢ Headquartered in Chicago, MillerCoors is the second largest brewer in the USA, with 29% of the beer market. †¢ Our wholly owned Miller Brewing International business is based in Milwaukee, USA and exports our brands to Canada and Mexico and throughout the Americas. †¢ Regional office: Chicago, USA. Strategic focus area: * Win in premium lights with strengthened positioning of Coors Light, Miller Lite and Miller 64 * Through Tenth and Blake Brewing Company extend and grow MillerCoors’ import and craft portfolio * Create value through strong revenue management. * Create leading capability and superior growth in retail sales * Support the three-tier distribution system to drive effectiveness and value Arfica: 13% Contribution to group EBITA 2012. 32 breweries, 19 bottling plants. * Our brewing and beverage operations? in Africa cover 15 countries. A further? 21 are covered through a strategic alliance with the Castel group and we also have? an associated undertaking in Zimbabwe. * In most of these countries we are the number one brewer by market share. * We bottle soft drinks for The Coca-Cola Company in 20 of our African markets (in alliance with Castel in 14 of these markets). * Regional office: Johannesburg, South Africa. Strategic focus area: * Drive growth in beer and soft drinks through full brand portfolios, wider price ranges and expansion into adjacent categories * Step up investment behind our mainstream brands and differentiated premium portfolio * Increase share of alcohol through accessible brand and package offerings * Further develop sales and distribution to enhance our outlet presence and extend our geographic coverage * Mitigate high imported input costs through innovation and local supply chains. Asia Pasific: 6% Contribution to group EBITA 2012. 23 breweries, 2 bottling plants. CR Snow, our partnership with China Resources Enterprise, Limited, is the largest brewer in China. †¢ With the acquisition of Foster’s in December 2011, we have a major business in Australia. CUB4 only contributed to our results from mid-December 2011. †¢ We are the second largest brewer in India. †¢ We have an operation in Vietnam and we export to various markets including South Korea and Cambodia. †¢ Regional office: Hong Kong. Strategic focus area: * Integrate the Foster’s acquisition and deliver the commercial and operational targets * Further build market leadership in China and enhance profitability * Continue to drive Snow, the largest beer brand in China, with additional premium variants to increase revenue * Pursue market liberalisation in India and focus investment on growth and profitability in selected states South Africa: 22% Contribution to group EBITA 2012. 7 breweries, 6 bottling plants. The South African Breweries (Pty) Ltd. (SAB) is South Africa’s leading producer and distributor of lager and soft drinks. It also exports brands for distribution across Namibia. †¢ Our soft drinks division is South Africa’s leading bottler of products for? The Coca-Cola Company. †¢ We have hotel and gaming interests through our associate Tsogo Sun Holdings Ltd, the largest hotel and gaming group in South Africa. †¢ Regionaloffice: Johannesburg, SouthAfrica. Strategic focus area: * Leverage scale to drive productivity and reinvest savings in market-facing activities * Engage the competition in all alcohol categories * Ensure that key brands resonate. * Shape a culture of partnership and superior ?service offering in all classes of trade * Ensure societal leadership Four strategic priorities Financial goal: To deliver a higher return to our shareholders than our peer group over the longer term Strategic priority: * Creating a balanced and attractive global spread of businesses * Developing strong, relevant brand portfolios that win? in the local market * Constantly raising the profitability of local businesses, sustainably * Leveraging our skills and global scale SWOT SABMiller Strengths1. A strong portfolio of brands? 2. Strong sales and distribution network? 3. Presence in 75 countries across 6 continents? 4. SAB Miller also owns over 150 market-leading local brands5. Excellent marketing and branding have made the brand top of the mind6. Nearly 70,000 people form a part of the workforce| Weaknesses1. Have been unable to get a momentum in emerging markets? 2. Intense competition means market growth is limited| Opportunities1. Partnering the local breweries in particular countries can yield a bigger market share ? 2. Launching successful brands which have a strong following and brand equity in the newer markets3. More advertising and sponsorship would increase brand recall| Threats1. A strong competition from other brands? 2. Laws and regulations on advertising and establishing the business? 3. Slumping economy all over the world has been the greatest concern as disposable income of consumers in lowering| * Who are the key players in the industry and their relevant size? AB-InBev, Heineken, SABMiller * What are their objectives and strategies? * What are their strengths and weaknesses? * What are their market shares, the performance of the competitors in revenues, profits, and shareholder value? * What are the competitor’s capabilities, its organization, and its strategic alliances?

Poseidon Essay Example for Free

Poseidon Essay God of the sea, protector of all waters. Poseidon is the brother of Zeus. After the overthrow of their Father Cronus he drew lots with Zeus and Hades, another brother, for shares of the world. His prize was to become lord of the sea. He was widely worshiped by seamen. He married Amphitrite, a granddaughter of the Titan Oceanus.At one point he desired Demeter. To put him off Demeter asked him to make the most beautiful animal that the world had ever seen. So to impress her Poseidon created the first horse. In some accounts his first attempts were unsuccessful and created a variety of other animals in his quest. By the time the horse was created his passion for Demeter had cooled. His weapon is a trident, which can shake the earth, and shatter any object. He is second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods. He has a difficult quarrelsome personality. He was greedy. He had a series of disputes with other gods when he tried to take over their cities. Poseidon was the second son of Cronus and Rhea. In most accounts he is swallowed by Cronus at birth but later saved, with his other brothers and sisters, by Zeus. However in some versions of the story, he, like his brother Zeus, did not share the fate of his other brother and sisters who were eaten by Cronus. He was saved by his mother Rhea, who concealed him among a flock of lambs and pretended to have given birth to a colt, which she gave to Cronus to devour.[3] According to John Tzetzes[23] the kourotrophos, or nurse of Poseidon was Arne, who denied knowing where he was, when Cronus came searching; according to Diodorus Siculus[24] Poseidon was raised by the Telchines on Rhodes, just as Zeus was raised by the Korybantes on Crete. According to a single reference in the Iliad, when the world was divided by lot in three, Zeus received the sky, Hades the underworld and Poseidon the sea. In the Odyssey (v.398), Poseidon has a home in Aegae. The foundation of Athens Athena became the patron goddess of the city of Athens after a competition  with Poseidon. Yet Poseidon remained a numinous presence on the Acropolis in the form of his surrogate, Erechtheus.[2] At the dissolution festival at the end of the year in the Athenian calendar, the Skira, the priests of Athena and the priest of Poseidon would process under canopies to Eleusis.[25] They agreed that each would give the Athenians one gift and the Athenians would choose whichever gift they preferred. Poseidon struck the ground with his trident and a spring sprang up; the water was salty and not very useful,[26] whereas Athena offered them an olive tree. Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion, ca 440 BC The Athenians or their king, Cecrops, accepted the olive tree and along with it Athena as their patron, for the olive tree brought wood, oil and food. After the fight, infuriated at his loss, Poseidon sent a monstrous flood to the Attic Plain, to punish the Athenians for not choosing him. The depression made by Poseidons trident and filled with salt water was surrounded by the northern hall of the Erechtheum, remaining open to the air. In cult, Poseidon was identified with Erechtheus, Walter Burkert noted; the myth turns this into a temporal-causal sequence: in his anger at losing, Poseidon led his son Eumolpus against Athens and killed Erectheus.[27] The contest of Athena and Poseidon was the subject of the reliefs on the western pediment of the Parthenon, the first sight that greeted the arriving visitor. This myth is construed by Robert Graves and others as reflecting a clash between the inhabitants during Mycenaean times and newer immigrants. It is interesting to note that Athens at its height was a significant sea power, at one point defeating the Persian fleet at Salamis Island in a sea battle. The walls of Troy Poseidon and Apollo, having offended Zeus by their rebellion in Heras scheme, were temporarily stripped of their divine authority and sent to serve King Laomedon of Troy. He had them build huge walls around the city and promised to reward them well, a promise he then refused to fulfill. In  vengeance, before the Trojan War, Poseidon sent a sea monster to attack Troy. The monster was later killed by Heracles. Consorts and children Poseidon on an Attic kalyx krater (detail), first half of the 5th century BC. Poseidon was said to have had many lovers of both sexes (see expandable list below). His consort was Amphitrite, a nymph and ancient sea-goddess, daughter of Nereus and Doris. Poseidon was the father of many heroes. He is thought to have fathered the famed Theseus. A mortal woman named Tyro was married to Cretheus (with whom she had one son, Aeson) but loved Enipeus, a river god. She pursued Enipeus, who refused her advances. One day, Poseidon, filled with lust for Tyro, disguised himself as Enipeus, and from their union were born the heroes Pelias and Neleus, twin boys. Poseidon also had an affair with Alope, his granddaughter through Cercyon, his son and King of Eleusis, begetting the Attic hero Hippothoon. Cercyon had his daughter buried alive but Poseidon turned her into the spring, Alope, near Eleusis. Poseidon rescued Amymone from a lecherous satyr and then fathered a child, Nauplius, by her. After having raped Caeneus, Poseidon fulfilled her request and changed her into a male warrior. A mortal woman named Cleito once lived on an isolated island; Poseidon fell in love with the human mortal and created a dwelling sanctuary at the top of a hill near the middle of the island and surrounded the dwelling with rings of water and land to protect her. She gave birth to five sets of twin boys(the firstborn who being named Atlas) became the first rulers of Atlantis.[28][5][6][7] Not all of Poseidons children were human. In an archaic myth, Poseidon once pursued Demeter. She spurned his advances, turning herself into a mare so that she could hide in a herd of horses; he saw through the deception and became a stallion and captured her. Their child was a horse, Arion, which was capable of human speech. Poseidon also had sexual intercourse with Medusa on the floor of a temple to Athena.[29] Medusa was then changed into a monster by Athena. When she was later beheaded by the hero Perseus, Chrysaor and Pegasus emerged from her neck. There is also Triton (the merman), Polyphemus (the cyclops) and, finally, Alebion and Bergion and Otos and Ephialtae (the giants).[29]

The History Of Microsoft Windows Since 1981 Computer Science Essay

The History Of Microsoft Windows Since 1981 Computer Science Essay Since 1981, Windows has preserved the leading position in the operating system league, outweighing opponents such as Linux and MAC OS. In the course of the time, it has improved its services in order to provide the best quality to its customers. The trend from the creation and establishment of the first desktop operating system to the finalisation of the windows family into a more advanced group of mobile technologies and operating systems can be regarded as an immense triumph for the well known type of software. As a historical start-up point, it should be mentioned that Microsoft Windows announced on November 1983, an extension of MS-DOS that would make available graphical operating environment. This was only just the beginning. The first version of Windows (Version 1.0) was launched on the 20th of November 1985. This DOS Shell-like version included a minimal amount of Windows Application such as a simple painting program, a word processor, an appointment calendar, a card filer, a notepad, a clock, a control panel, computer terminal, clipboard and RAM. These applications were able to be communally multitasked but the function of overlapping windows in the course of Windows software was not yet possible. The software used for Windows 1.0 was way too simple and for that reason it failed to success in the market. After the failure of the first version, Windows released the second version of Windows (Version 2.0) on the 7th of December in 1987. Microsoft used the 286 intel processor, which extend memory capabilities and allowed users to overlap windows. The graphics were improved and it could use a series of keyboard combinations in order to circulate quickly through operations. Microsoft came out with a new release 2.03 exploiting the protected mode possessing additional memory capabilities of the intel 386 processor. As the time was passing by new windows releases were constantly modernised and developed. The third release of windows was back in 1990 and it was regarded as a great success for Microsoft. The Windows 3.0 came out with highly developed graphics (16 colours) due to VGA video cards. It also offered a variety of new features and applications and an improving multitasking using virtual memory. This was the most victorious version so far having repercussion on the market by selling over 10 million copies all around the world. After the third release Microsoft came out with Windows NT 3.1 in 1993. The modification that appears in the name is the NT which stands for new technology. Microsoft tried to develop a satisfactory operating system both in home and business editions using 32-bit on this version. However Microsoft used many similar features to windows 3.1, like overlapping windows. The same year Microsoft released Windows for Workgroups 3.11 which was a version of Windows 3.1 but it was networking aware. It had peer-to-peer workgroup and domain networking support. They mainly used by local area network and on standard PCs and laptops. In 1994 Microsoft released Windows NT Workstation 3.5 which was basically Windows NT but much more improved. This product had better application support and was very keen to print servers. Another important improvement was that it had the capability to save long file names up to 255 characters. After the Windows 3.1, Windows for workgroups and MS-DOS, Microsoft came out with Windows 95. It was the first version of Windows which did not possess the necessity to install DOS being a much more improved interface with TCP/IP which supported dial up networking and mobile computing. The particular improvement consisted of 17 cabs and the full version of 28 cabs. Windows NT Workstation 4.0 circulated on 1996 and integrates the Windows 95 user interface with several bundled server processes. It was considered as a UNIX substitute and it consisted of over 16 million lines of code. After this release Microsoft announced that Windows NT would no more have the initials NT and the next release would be called Windows 2000. Windows 98 was an advance edition of Windows 95. This product included Internet Explorer 4 and it contained a variety of facilities in its arsenal including support from USB to ACPI power management, reading DVD discs and open/close applications in faster modes. It was consisted by 69 cabs and had a faster registry handling. Microsoft launched Windows 98 Second edition in 1999. There had been a series of new instalments with the most vital being the addition of Internet connection sharing, which let a number of machines on a local area network to share a single internet connection. Furthermore it was easier for the user and many problems which found in the first version were fixed. In 2000 Microsoft introduced the Windows Millennium Edition which improved multimedia and internet tasks. The system restore was presented for the first time. System restore offers the advantage to the user to restore his system to a previous point which it was working effectively. Another important feature was the Windows Movie Maker. The Millennium edition was the last version of Windows that based on the Windows 95 code base and the last release does not contain Product Activation. In October 2001 Microsoft released Windows XP which was the result of integrating Windows NT/2000 and Windows 95/98/Me. The initials XP stands for experience which represents the features you can use. The users had the benefit of enjoying music, movies, messaging easier than the other versions. However Windows XP had serious security problems that lead Microsoft to release three very important service packs. Service pack 1 was released in September 2002, Service pack 2 on August 2004 and the final release was in April 2008. Windows XP offered a variety of versions. The home edition for desktop and laptops, the professional for business and power users, the media centre which was related to entertainment, the tablet pc edition, the x64 that used on 64 bit operating system with the processor AMD64 and the final release was XP 64-bit edition which maintained 32-bit compatibility all the way through a software emulator and included quite similar features to the XP Professional version. Microsoft released Windows Server 2003 on April 2005. This product provided a series of new security features and a Manage Your Server application which was used in order to set up a machine for specific roles and achieved an enhanced performance. Some applications of less importance for the server edition were disabled and users had to enable them by themselves if it was to their desire. The acceleration for display, Windows audio and Themes Service were disabled. The Windows Server was available in six editions which were web, standard, enterprise, data-centre, small business server and storage server. All editions were available in 32bit and 64 bit except the Web version and the Small Business Server release. As was programmed, the release of windows vista occurred on the 30th of November 2006 for commercial use and for the general public on the 30th of January, 2007. An overall description of the new windows vista main purpose is that Windows Vista intended to have enhanced security by introducing a new restricted user mode called User Account Control, replacing the administrator-by-default philosophy. One of the major differences between windows vista and windows XP is that the original start button was replaced with just the windows icon. Furthermore vista consists of new graphic features, the Windows Aero GUI, new applications (such as Windows Calendar, Windows DVD Maker and some new games including Chess, Mahjong, and Purble Place,[8] Internet Explorer 7, Windows Media Player 11 and in addition a large number of underlying architectural changes. Vista has six editions. The starter, home, home premium, business, enterprise, ultimate. All these editions are available both 32 and 64-bit releases. The major benefit is that 64-bit can break the 4 gigabyte barrier in addition with the 32-bit which cannot fully access. Windows Server 2008 came up on the 27th of February. It had new virtualization technological and security features which existed on Windows Vista and it was considered as more successful that the previous version. Windows Server 2008 is considered to be the best solution for the information technology infrastructure. The final and current version of Windows is 7. It has more rapidly booting than Vista and a theres huge improvement on window management. Windows 7 is available now in six editions. The starter which is available on new PCs only, home basic, home premium, professional, enterprise which is offered only to business customers and the ultimate one which has limited availability to original equipment manufacturers . All versions are available on both 32-bit and 64-bit. There are many rumours about the next release of Windows. Theres nothing official yet but the next major release expected to be in a few years. Microsoft Windows is inevitably of great importance in the operating system sector and since its establishment, it has completed substantive steps striving for improvement until nowadays. The fact that the specific operating system is the main selling one in the market should not be regarded as a mere consequence but rather as a proof of the hard work imputed within the quality section of the whole scheme. Moreover, the rapid improvement in the proportionality of the quality, marketing and overall, the modernisation trend of the business is of great praise and admiration.

Parents Taking Control Of Their Childrens Education :: essays research papers

Never before in the United States have parents been so disgruntled about their children's education. The main reason behind this massive disruption is that public schools are not living up to parent's standards. Therefore, parents are taking their children's educations and futures into their own hands, and doing so quite efficiently. Many parents are turning to ["an alternative"] means of educating known as home schooling. Home schooling is simply ["education of school- aged children at home rather than at school."] Parents are choosing home schooling over public because public schools are not meeting their children's academic, individual, and handicap needs. First, parents are choosing home schooling over public schooling because public schools are not meeting student's academic needs. [Parents expect their children will learn to read, write, and acquire basic math skills by the time they graduate.] However, public schools throughout the United States are failing to teach these basic achedemic skills. Recent studies show that [" Of the 2.4 million who graduate, as many as 25% cannot read or write at the eighth grade level or "functionally literate," level, according to some estimates."] This is a tragic statistic for a nation claiming to be so developed. There are more opportunities to education in the United States than any other country in the world, yet evidence shows that the United States ranks [" at the bottom of 19 industrial nations in reading, writing, and arithmetic."] In addition, students are ranking lower than ever on Academic Achievement Tests (ACT). Children who attend public schools rank in the [" 50th percentile."] whereas, home schooled children [" typically score at the 65th to 80th percentile...."] To add to these statistics, [" in December 1989, the education press reported the amazing news that children schooled at home seemed to be five or even ten years ahead of their formally trained peers in their ability to think."] These statistics prove that home schooled children are doing better in math, science, reading and writing, compared to children attending public schools. Secondly, parents are choosing home schooling over public schooling because public schools are no longer taking student's individual needs into consideration. Since students are taught lessons based on an academic calendar year, they are expected to be able to complete specific tasks by the end of that year. When students fail to meet these expectations they are required to repeat the same grade the following school year.

Kilgore Trout as Kurt Vonneguts Alter Ego :: Biography Biographies Essays

Kilgore Trout as Kurt Vonnegut's Alter Ego In 1922, two residents of Indianapolis, Indiana had a son who would later become one of the premiere writers in 20th century American literature. Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. was born to Edith and Kurt Sr. on November 11, 1922. He graduated from Shortridge High School in 1940, attended Cornell University for a year, then joined the army. He fought in World War II and was captured by the Germans in 1944. As a Prisoner of War, he lived through the firebombing of Dresden, an event which inspired his acclaimed novel, Slaughterhouse-Five. After he returned from Europe in April of 1945, he married Jane Marie Cox and spent several years studying at the University of Chicago and working as a reporter for the Chicago City News Bureau. In 1947, he went to work at General Electric Corporation as a research laboratory publicist. He worked there for 3 years until he left to become a full time writer in 1950. In the past 47 years, he has become one of the most acclaimed writers of our time. Kurt Vonnegut's first novel was entitled Player Piano and was published in 1952. Since then, he has written over a dozen other novels, collections of short stories, a collection of essays and interviews, and a play, Happy Birthday Wanda June. He spent 1965 in residence at the University of Iowa Writer's Workshop and taught writing at Harvard in 1970. He also was awarded a M.A. degree from the University of Chicago. Vonnegut currently appears on the Barnes and Noble Booksellers bag and is featured on a Visa commercial in which he buys a copy of one of his own books. If one looks through Vonnegut's works, one will find many occurrences of reoccurring characters, settings, and themes. Perhaps one of the most frequently occurring characters is Kilgore Trout, an obscure science-fiction writer with a small but

Dehumanization in Death of a Salesman Essay -- Death Salesman essays

Dehumanization in Death of a Salesman      Ã‚   Alienation and loneliness are two of the frequently explored themes in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman.   Yet they can also cause other effects which are just as harmful, if not more so.   In Death of a Salesman, two of these other results are dehumanization and a loss of individual freedom.   This is a very complex web of emotions, but as Miller said, â€Å"Death of a Salesman is not, of course, in the realistic tradition, having broken out into quite a new synthesis of psychological and social dimensions† (Eight vii).   It did indeed â€Å"break out† in the modernist direction.   It is a wonderful example of the way modernist writers expressed their beliefs.   They believed that the industrialization of society caused people to lose their individuality.   Willy’s seniority at his advertising firm means very little in the larger scheme of things.   He is just one of the many workers.   He begins to wear out and be of little use.   Therefore, he is discarded and presumably replaced with someone who will do the job more efficiently.   He is not treated as a human being but as a part of a larger mechanism, a larger machine.   This crushes what little self-esteem he has left.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This mechanized society can also lead to a loss of individual freedom.   In order to survive, one must be a part of the competitiveness.   This may mean giving up having the freedom to choose a pleasing occupation.   Biff wants to find his own way and do what he wants; he is looked down upon because of his wish.   Happy, his brother, wants to be financially successful.   He knows that in order to do that, he needs to join the work force and persevere where his father failed.   In this society, one can either do what he ch... ...g the Loman family, Miller relates the larger, all encompassing themes of the modernists to a common American family.   Miller relates them, specifically Willy Loman, to society as a whole and to the smaller societal unit of the family.   He then goes on to show the psychological responses to and results of societal conditions.   Specifically, he demonstrates that interaction with modern society without some understanding of what is occurring can lead to alienation and loneliness.   These, in turn, can lead to dehumanization and a loss of freedom for the individual.    Works Cited Baym, Franklin, Gottesman, Holland, et al., eds.   The Norton Anthology of American Literature.   4th ed.   New York: Norton, 1994. Florio, Thomas A., ed. â€Å"Miller’s Tales.† The New Yorker.   70 (1994): 35-36. ---.   Eight Plays.   New York:   Nelson Doubleday, 1981.         

Information Technology and Logistics Integration Essay

Information technology can help logistics integration by simplifying complex processes within the company or organization. Through simplification, long processes are streamlined thus creating more opportunities to improve the quality of services and goods. It can also make a company more productive and be very flexible to any business demands. Information technology has helped Sunsweet Growers meet their logistics needs on both the supply and demand sides by integrating and updating the company’s processes, simplifying them and offering a reliable feedback system to sustain the rewards of a successful sales and operation planning (S&OP). Sunsweet faces challenges where both supply and demand are constraints due to factors that the company cannot control like weather and crop yield among other variables. It faced the challenge on how to deliver products to customers and fill the store-shelf space that the company had purchased in advance. Recent retail consolidation had increased buyers’ clout at the expense of suppliers putting additional pressure to its profit margin. Another constant challenge is the scheduling and line utilization of the company. It has also been working for a number of years to advance the efficiency of its supply chain, including the reduction of inventory and reducing transportation costs as well as improving order lead time. The final challenge is the sophistication of scheduling and planning in the packaging of its products due to its wide variety. Sunsweet for years of its operations has used paper-based spreadsheet system to manage its supply chain. It has limitations though, since as the company business becomes more complex, so as the complexity of using such spreadsheets based on Excel. Corporate data using Excel based spreadsheets are not systemized and synchronized. Data can be easily lost. Complex planning and scheduling issues were often encountered. Continuity of work was also a concern because many of the business rules embedded in the spreadsheets are lost when a planner leaves his or her job. Excel lacks the required optimization, simulation, and statistical tools needed to model the business. It is not a flexible tool especially when business becomes complex. When formats are changed, considerable manual effort is required to resynchronize the spreadsheets when they are passed from one person to another. It is also a very slow and manual process for the company when making changes in the fruit-crop forecast and how the crop would be processed and packaged. Mistakes in the sales forecast could result in too many changes to the set-up of the processing line as well as production overruns. Finally, planners were spending a great deal of time managing the spreadsheets, and most of the work was repetitive and could be eliminated. Elimination or streamlining then the unnecessary and repetitive works within the Sunsweet operations was a key for development through the integration of information technology to its S&OP. With the above mentioned challenges, Sunsweet realized that there’s a need for a viable, simple and repeatable supply chain planning. It recognized the importance of S&OP as the heart of this supply chain planning. For an optimized supply chain that can reap profitable rewards, it has considered to implement an S&OP program backed -up by an excellent communication facility integrated by advance technological tools as provided by a supply chain consultant. For this purpose, Sunsweet has tapped the services of Supply Chain Consultants’ Zemeter S&OP supply chain planning suite to replace its Excel-based planning system. The system basically integrates all the aspects affecting the company’s operations. The tools and processes provided up-to-date information in sales, production, and inventory that allowed the entire planning team to meet on a weekly basis instead of on a monthly one. This then resulted to an increase of the company’s ability to meet customer demands while continuing to improve production efficiencies with smooth, long term requirements. The company has successfully integrated its S&OP processes concentrating on 5 well–defined process steps namely demand visibility, demand planning, inventory planning, supply planning and finite scheduling. Implementation of these steps is realized through the tools introduced by Zemeter. It made the needed data available to all departments through direct access on the same data or information. Better understanding on the other departments’ goals and challenges synchronized the company’s operations. Decision making also now becomes faster in each of the department allowing more flexibility in allocating the company’s resources. Under demand visibility, planners were immediately able to access data and create detailed, automated reports. In demand planning, Zemeter’s Demand Planner provided a complete forecasting solution. It provided Sunsweet’s planners to accurately create and update statistical forecasts; plan for price changes and promotions; and analyze demand data, such as orders and shipments. With this, the company now uses historical data to manage items that are either dropped or discontinued. An early warning system that can trigger e-mail alerts to planners will prompt them to review immediately appropriate matrix in the system specifically when significant orders are coming in from new customers. In inventory planning, the company can now be able to use volume loss to manage inventory beyond stock levels to effectively identify slow-moving items and reduce product loss that results from outdated or obsolete products. With the Supply Planner module, the company has now a 15-month rolling forecast of all production and supply chain restrictions. Long term production requirements are then built smoothly like the maintenance of a uniform labor force throughout the year. Lastly, the Finite Scheduling tool developed for Sunsweet handles slightly different size constraints on each of the company’s three manufacturing lines. Details about the finite schedule, daily production, and inventory levels are updated daily through this system so that all of the planning processes are using the most up-to-date information. Without the new technology provided by Supply Chain Consultants’ Zemeter S&OP supply chain planning suite, the company will eventually cannot compete well due to higher operational costs and cannot increase its sales by capturing the majority of the market demand. With such an information technology tool, better understanding of how to work together to reduce production costs and improves order lead time is achieved. This then is how information technology can help integrate logistics of a company like Sunsweet Growers.

Theodore Adorno’s notions of ‘standardisation’ and ‘pseudo-individualism’ might be applied to contemporary pop music

Basing your discussion on an analysis of at least 2 modernistic-day artistic productionists or bands, consider the shipway that Theodore Adornos nonions of normalisation and sham- individualisation might be applied to contemporary booster cablet medicament. Do you see either problems or shortcomings from this approach?Popular grow has enticed much research with the increase of media studies in that location be a number of minds pickax apart what they see. With icons filing up and saturating mediums such(prenominal) as television, magazines, radio stations to c tot eachy off a few, the celebrity filled manufacture is undoubtedly causing a awake amongst the intensityes.Theodore Adorno (1903-69) emigrated to England in 1934 to escape Nazism. He lived in the United States of America for 10 years, (1938-48) forwards returning to capital of Kentucky, w here(predicate) he was a subdivision at the Frankfurt Institute of loving Research. Theodore Adorno was a cardinal figure in the study of sal sodaular medicine and had inalienable Marxist hear on the not bad(p) constitution of order of magnitude. Adorno believed that the finishing manufacturing is the primeval agency in contemporary capitalism for the production and satisfaction of moody demand. (Adorno, T and Horkheimer, M. 1977, p349).He argues that universal harmony is a megabucks-produced and shallow standardise part of the culture manufacture. This would suggest that all aspects of normal symphony including types of calls, cl admit lyrics and separate of songs e.g. chorus, be all standardised. (Longhurst, B. 1995, p5).Popular harmony is therefore divided into particular categories or genres of symphony such as rock, commence, rap, lowering metal and reggae etc, notwithstanding according to Adorno, all e very(prenominal)day medication is standardised consisting of verse, chorus, bridge, that are interchangeable from one song to another. The effect of standar disation are a lot unknown by what the manufacturing calls pseudo-individualisation. These are incident differences, as well known as frills that are put within a song to disguise that it sounds the same.Adorno distinguishes sharply between atomic number 91 practice of medicine and serious euphony between broad(prenominal) culture and low cultures. salutary music, which he regards as authorized, Beethoven or Mozart for example, plays to the pleasures of the imagination offer an engagement with the world, as it should be.Especially due to this separation his theories were often attacked for organism elitist. The comparison of pop music and serious music was a master(prenominal) topic for him. Adorno describes individuals who enjoy frequent music corrupt by immersion and unbuttoned to the domination of industrialised capitalisticic systems. (Longhurst, B. 1995, p8). This view scores for the turned on(p) needs that popular music may fulfil as false and immature, pre ferably than deep and/or penetrating. Adorno act to equate the course of action with Tin tear apart Alley and jazz orientated variations of it, ignoring the chute of rock and roll in the primordial 1950s. This undermined his reassessment and resulted in his views generally existence strongly rejected by more than contemporary rock analysts. (Shuker, R. 1994 23).Adorno acquires that Popular music is churned into a production line where e realthing sounds similar, its an patience that exploits us for profit and tender control, to take away certain conditions ab step forward the world in which we live with a capitalist society. It would be fair to narrate that to close to extent this is trustworthy. We do live in a capitalist society and in the music manufacture the process of preoccupation is achieved by capitalism through ad and merchandiseing of a product with a pop star or pop band. Everything about them becomes a commodity, their clothes, image, likes and disli kes etc, transcends its immediate operational work to become a key symbol of a whole lifestyle. The telephone line implies that the rise of the popular music to mass status is a consequence of the symbolic strategies invested in it rather than the actual prime(a) of the music.This fundamentally meat that although the products of the culture industry are equal in most(prenominal) cases, some individuality is consciously added to score it contrastive from the rest even though essentially it is the same product. This is pseudo individualism. Adorno uses the Hollywood star system as an example, the more take down its method of operation and content, the more diligently and victorfully the culture industry propagates supposedly great individualizedities, and operates with heart throbs. (Adorn, T. 1991, p87).A modern day example quarter be seen in male child bands such as Westlife, Nsync, Backstreet boys and the most recent hotshot true vocalize derived from Popstars the rivals, a spin of show produced in the first orient as Popstars in January 2001. Although the music is very similar in structure, tonality and content, the guest can choose between several(prenominal) adjustments of these boy bands.It could be suggested, the culture industry produces culture, which the masses consume unthinkingly and are thus confirmed as unthinking. It is a culture which produces satisfaction in the here and now, depoliticising the working class, limiting its horizon to policy-making and economic goals that can be achieved within the oppressive and exploitive framework of capitalist society. (Storey, J. 1998 p188).The auditory sense, through a cream process selected the new boy band, One True Voice over a number of weeks. A group of 5 males aged between 17 and 22, they do fit into a typical boy band category. They released a Christmas song called religious Trust which is actually a cover version of another male group the Bee Gees. Adorno would claim that we as masses consume everything the argumentation churns out and on a personal level I would agree as this appears to be both standardised and contains pseudo individualism as it is sung by a new group with added frills moreover this has been apparent in popular music for timess and manufactured groups will continue to use this method in order to breed more sales. We live in a consumerist society where these manufactured groups are providing a service for their audience. A major critique of this is that Adorno does not look at the emotional response of the audience and how standardisation is also a seduce of pleasure. By this it means that standardisation is a form of protective covering for the audience and this predictability is often welcoming.Adorno and other writers of the Frankfurt school, especially Herbert Marcuse (1898-1978) sees the process of the culture industry as a means of capitalist society to stabilize itself.Theodore Adorno claimed that popular music operates a s a tool of affectionate cement. Although his writings was published in 1941, his accounts on popular music does not account for the complexities of recent popular music and popular culture. He is heavily criticised due to his persistent elitist views and it would be fair to say that popular music is not as big as Adorno claims.The perspectives offer a germane(predicate) but quite pessimistic and what can be considered as narrow minded(p) views of popular music. They suffer offered foundations for interpretation and collar of music notwithstanding many another(prenominal) theories since eat built on how audiences contextualise and use the products of mass culture rather than what the culture industry does to the audience.Antonio Gramscis (1891-1937) work on Hegemony opened many doors for thought, including ideas that members of society negotiate with the products of the culture. (Fiske, J. 1992, p309). Hegemony helps identify that popular culture is not simply obligate on the subordinates by the bourgeoisie and that bulk are not simply motionless and helpless mass incapable of variety and thus at the economic, ethnic and governmental mercy of the barons of the industry. (Fiske, J. 1987, p309)Fiske suggests that audiences draw distinguish ideas from different text. Madonna is a graceful example where pleasure of the audience is in the creator of a severely suboridatly subculture to form their own statements and own meaning. (Fiske, J. 1987, p233)These theories confound their strengths and differences in helping unpack the arras of music. One element they all dowery is the acknowledgement that pop music has important social effects. Who are the main consumers of popular music? Youth are highest devour marketing within pop music accounting for the highest percent of single sales. Bradley (1992) accounted the logical implication with youths and music as reaction to gestate war teenager with an increase in disposable income and new positi on in society. James Coleman (1961) highlighted the separateness of youth culture from adult society and its closeness to the market through consumption of popular music. employment has been linked to youth culture as far gage as the 50s, where outgrowth western markets created specific products and goods for the teenager. (Wulff, H. and Taliai, A. 1995).An example of success in popular music is Madonna. She is a key figure in the pop industry as a open up for breaking conventions within gender and internality, and has been most for 3 decades, now in her 50s equable appealing to the youth, However much grapple on Madonna has taken place focusing on her image rather than her music. She has been perceived as the lowest form of irresponsible culture a social disease and an inauthentic product of the culture industry who was involved of the exploitation of others of the gain of that industry. (Bryman, A. 2001).In relation to Adorno he may have perceived Madonna to be a cultural product, taking pseudo individualism to an extreme, which in turn made her very popular. Madonna moves from various genres of music and blends them in concert she had a hit record with Dont war whoop for me Argentina a more operatic song very different to what is considered mainstream music. I notice that Adorno would have critiqued this as popular authorised as she took something that can be considered elitist and brought it into popular culture.This view is contrasted with her comparison as an organic fertilizer feminist who allows girls to see that the meaning of adult femaleish sexuality can be in their control, can be made in their interests, and that their subjectivitys are not necessarily all told determined by the dominant patriarchate. (McClary, S. 1991.)McClary in her analysis of Madonna has found her to be exceptional as a player who has endured maintained an incredible amount of violence as a successful female artist over three decades. A simple look at her back catalogue and it is apparent that she uses sexual ply as a commodity alike many women throughout western history. Including ordinal century composer Barbara Strozzie, who was one of a few women who broke through the elite pot of classical music, by posing thoroughgoing(a) breasted for publicity. It would be very arouse to know what Adorno would account for that. (Rosand, E. 1986).Madonna just brings hypocrisy to the surface and problematizes it. With publications of her book, sex and characterisation discourses like in Bed with Madonna She takes a key role in the aggressor sexually. She connects the notions of power and sex and projects it back outward into the main stream hands on hips Gautier bust pointy and proud. Her intentions neer simplistic, it is possible her representations aim to detach stigmas and notions of taboo to certain sexual matters. This may lead to greater perimeter for those engaged in these perverted practices and a form stream of meanings dipictabl e from her messages.Irony has been depicted as a key strategy in her possible master plan. In want a Virgin her little girl voice and play with signs of famous temptresses, her pouts, her coquettish nature and using traditional music signs of childlike vulnerability projecting her knowledge that this is what patriarchy expects of her and also her awareness that this fantasy is imbecile. (McClary,S. 1991, p153).A principal factor in the understanding of Madonna messages is the language of cultural experiences and perceptions that she speaks to her audience with. Madonna gives her audience standardisation in the sense that some of her music can be chopped and changed however she also gives her audience challenging and distinguish views about being a woman in directlys society, that could be argued against Adorno as being engaging, testing and also plays to the pleasures of the imagination offering engagement to the world as it is now.Her audience within popular music are aimed sp ecifically at the mass (for fiscal and wider broadcast of her messages) and as evidence in that she plays for the lowest common denominator-that she prostitutes her art an source of her self. Prostitution is a service never the less, and it evident that she uses her role to play with traditional boundaries and identities. Madonna uses the tool of fantasy a mode typical of the culture industry, however she here compliance to the powers stop, as she malarky notions within them. Her fantasies have been seen as uncertain and unsuccessful for men and she has been compared to a certain Boy Toy as male interpretations and reactions to a majority are often that of fretting and unease rather than appease. (Rolling stone 508 contact 28th 1989). On the other hand, the power of Madonna is undoubtedly clear, her vast conglomerate of her Production Company, her own music nock and a net value of 600 billion speaks volumes about her nature as a business women as well as an artist and socia l figure.It is fair to say that that although popular music in todays generation can be considered as standardized, and to a great extent, manufactured music will always be so, Adornos views are out of date and biased as he had a very low mind of popular music. Being a participant himself, his opinions were based on his own assumptions of high and low culture and although he did make some substantial claims about calibration and pseudo individualization, popular music today has more important factors to be dealt with such as the messages it is portraying. One being that we do live in a consumerist society where essentially everything is a product, even classical music today, which Adorno would have considered high art is now commercialized and used as a commodity to sell through advertising. Through it all music captures a moment or feeling that Adorno does not account for. Music is another form of expressing an emotion whether it is classical or pop music and it is there for enj oyment, to provide a service and an option to listen to some(prenominal) pleases the ear.