Is there 'one best way' to manage an organisation Essay

Is there 'one best way' to manage an organisation - Essay Example Organizational management is not one but a set of practices aimed at managing the business or an organization,its employees and other stakeholders.The set of practices for organizational management intends to bring the people of the organization into a common platform and instill common objectives in order to achieve the organizational goals.Managing an organization or a business includes an underlying plan of optimal allocation of resources in the business process and then establishing systems to control the performance of the organization in line with the set standards (White, 1926). Managing an organization effectively indicates good management of the employees and getting them aligned with the mission and vision of the organization. The roles and responsibilities of the manpower resources are allocated and expectations from the people of the organization are explained in the process of organizational management. Managing an organization The organization is a place where people fr om diverse background and having varying educational levels come to work in a common platform with their individual vested interests. It is obvious that the people in the organizational workforce would have different culture, habits, beliefs and ideologies. This would create differences between the manpower resources as well as alignment between manpower resources of same ideology. The result is the formation of several groups among similar people in the organization (Singla, 2013). ... The ways of managing an organization involve a set of practices which include planning, organizing, staffing, leading, control, management of time and motivating people to meet the organizational goals. Planning is the foremost step of managing an organization. In order to achieve the goals in line with the objectives of the organization, a proper plan should be prepared for implementation that takes into account the opportunities, limitations and risks associated with the process (Hatten, 2011). The planning not only includes the ways to manage the people and the workforce for carrying out the activities but also considers finances required and the available assets to carry out the business functions. The plan involves the budgeted expenses and the sources of finance in order to meet the expenses. Both the financial and the non-financial aspects are planned in order to effectively manage the organization. The next step is the organization of the resources as per the plan in order to fulfill the required usage. The resources that have planned for usage are allocated in the appropriate paces according to the fulfillment of the suitability criteria (Keith and  Gubellini, 1958). The organization of the resources including land, labor, capital and enterprises leads to the outcome of optimum results in the business process. The productivity levels of the organization are enhanced with proper organization and marshalling of resources. The tasks of the business process are completed in due time and this result in the increase in the business turnover. The profitability of the business could be maximized and this results in the generation of the desired cash flows. The

Meaning of supervision and my professional life Essay Example for Free

Meaning of supervision and my professional life Essay Instructional Supervision Instructional supervision is a very important concept which must be understood by all educators for the sake of achieving their teaching objectives. For this case, the process of instructional supervision must be applied for the sake of delivering effective instructions to the students. Supervision of instruction for example in England began as an external inspection where some people were appointed to go around the school to observe what the students were learning and what the teachers were teaching the students. The main aim of these supervisors was to ensure that the set curriculum was being followed and the students were actually being taught. On the other hand, in United States, supervision began in 1830’s after the formation of common schools. Initially, supervision in schools was undertaken by superintendents after the formation of city school system due to increased population in major cities. Later on, the role of supervision by superintendents became impossible as the number of schools increased. The role of supervision had to be delegated to the principal to oversee that the teachers we following the curriculum in their teaching. In order to promote growth of teachers and recognizing practice of supervisors time restrain, Sergiovanni and Starratt (1998), suggested that a supervisory system be created that would contain a number of processes of supervision even summative evaluation. The system was not to involve direct formal supervision every year for every teacher. This system was to evaluate the teachers within a period of three to five years. In this kind of evaluation, the teachers were to receive a variety of evaluation during the three or five years and finally be evaluated formally only once. Professional growth evidence is required during once-a-cycle formal evaluation. The work of supervision was also attempted to be opened at international involvement by Sergiovanni and Starratt. In a school setting, the principal has the overall responsibility of supervision of the whole school. For this case, he supervises, teachers, students and all the other staff working in the school that include: librarian, gardeners, drivers, cleaners etc. The supervision role is not an easy task especially of teachers and for this case, the principal has to carry out the exercise with intelligent and diplomacy. The teachers of course knows their role and they would feel not motivate if they see they are being supervised like factory workers. This would in turn kill their morale at work and finally they would not deliver the required knowledge to the students and the end result would mean that the teaching objectives will not be achieved. The principal on the other hand has a responsibility of supervising the work of the students and together with their behaviors. Students tend to acquire deviant behaviors from other students like smoking and unless this behavior is corrected at an early stage, the student will not concentrate in his learning. In some situation, the supervision of students gets out of hand as they tend to have acquired more serious behaviors such as carrying of weapons and may be killing of their fellow students. For this case, this becomes criminal offence and is not likely to be handled the principal. Principal should be very strict when it comes to discipline for the sake of ensuring that education objectives are achieved. Since the students are in a crucial stage of adolescent stage where influence of behavior is at high level hence their behaviors should supervised keenly. According to Glickman (1990), there are a number of supervisory approaches within clinical supervision structure. He developed a supervision model that provides theoretical framework that with four supervision approaches that would be found in supervision concept. These approaches are similar in the intended end goal but they differ differs slightly in the power and control that is accorded to the teacher. The four approaches are a follow: The first supervision approach is the nondirective supervision whereby the teacher has the freedom of formulating his own plan on the future development. In such a situation, the supervisor is there to give advice to the teacher when he comes up with his own ideas on the way forward. This kind of approach indeed motivates the teaching staff members as they feel they are in control with their undertakings. For this case it should be encourage at situations where the teachers are experienced in their work and they can work with little or no supervision. (Glickman, 1990) The other supervision approach is collaborative supervision. In this approach, the teacher and the supervisor do share idea before the supervisor makes decision on whatever decision he wants to make. This approach too is a good one also as the teachers feels motivated as they are consulted before any decision can be arrived at. For this case, the teachers contribute their ideas and the supervisor weighs various options before settling on the best idea that has been contributed by the teachers. By merely brainstorming of ideas, the approach is of much help for the sake of choosing the best approach to be used. For this case, this kind of approach should be encouraged at situation where teachers involved are experienced in their work. The third supervision approach is the directive informational approach. In this situation, the supervisor formulates the supervisor plan and it is the responsibility of the teacher to decide if he is going to follow the plan. In this kind of an approach, the teachers are not motivated with it as they feel they are not consulted before a decision is being made in their work. Although some of the approach since it consumes less time before it is formulated, majority of them especially the experienced ones feels that some ideas which are better are overlooked. In this kind of approach, the teachers are given an opportunity to follow or not to follow the approach directives. However, the approach is appropriate mostly to teacher who are not experienced or the novice teachers. Lastly is the directive control approach in which the teacher formulates the supervisory plan and expects are the teacher to follow it. For this case, the teachers have no alternative on whether to have another idea. They have to follow the supervisory plan that has been formulated by their supervisor. This approach however does not motivate the teachers as they are not given an opportunity to contribute their ideas toward formulation of a supervisory plan. For this case, they have to follow the directives as formulated by their supervisor. This approach is popular where the teachers being supervised are less experiences of novice. It is also very appropriate in situations whereby there is not time to gather in a meeting and brainstorm on the way forward as far as supervisory plan is concerned. Before the supervisor can know on which approach he should use, he should consider knowledge and experience of the teachers concerned before settling on the supervisory approach plan to use. The issue of responsibility and accountability should also be looked into in order to decide on the approach to use for the sake of at least motivate the teacher in their work. Motivation is the inner drive to do something, and unless the teachers have that inner drive to deliver knowledge to their students, teaching objectives might never be achieved Glickman (1990) asserts that collaborative approach is very popular among the teachers and they really enjoy their work if used. For this case, school principal should at least ensure they use this kind of an approach when they are formulating their supervisory plan to be applied in their school. There are three supervisor responsibilities that should be considered in the supervision process. They include: ? The Supervisor to carry our observations to both the teachers and students. ? The supervisor to give guidance and support to teachers and students. ? Lastly is for the supervisor to give feedback to the teachers. According to Knoll (1987), the information that a supervisor gather after carrying out a classroom observation is very important. He is able to have an access to a wide range of skills necessary for teaching which he can in turn share it with other teachers. The main aim of carrying out a classroom observation is to collect data that is necessary for carrying out an evaluative rating which is accurate. As far as supervision is concerned, guidance and support should be the main idea of supervision in the first place. Supervision is not done just to see whether teachers are following the curriculum or not and then note that one down, no. One should continuously offer guidance and support as he supervises. For this case, the supervisors are urged to make correction on the spot while carrying out their supervision roles in order for them to achieve their objectives. In order for teachers to improve on their areas of teaching, the supervisor must ensure that he gives feedback to them on the areas he has observed that would like to be improved. There would be no need of supervision if the teachers are not given the feedback as it is this feedback that they will know what areas they need to improve in while carrying out their duties. There is very big difference between evaluation and supervision though the two terms interrelates. Evaluation is the art of making judgment about the performance of a teacher. On the other hand, supervision is mere the art of ensuring that the teachers are following the laid down rules and regulation in their work. Evaluation comes after one has carried out an observation on the teachers. Appendix Literature Review Instructional supervision improves teaching performance if it is carried out in the manner that is desired by teacher. If the collaborative supervision approach is used according to Knoll (1987) is used, the teachers will be motivated in their work and the overall performance of the school will be felt. In his book Supervision for better instruction: Practical techniques for improving staff performance, Knoll (1987) asserts that teachers are motivated in their work of teaching when collaborative supervisory plan approach is applied in their supervision. Pfeiffer and Dunlap (1982) in their book Supervision of teachers: A guide to improving instruction asserts that teachers need to be motivated in their work for the sake of achieving their teaching objectives. Motivation can only be achieved if the supervisors uses collaborative supervisory plan in their work. On the other hand, Rettig (2000) in his journal Leslie’s lament: How can I make teachers’ supervision meaningful? asserts that unless guidance and support is given to teacher, there is no need of supervision in the first place. He further states that teachers should be given a feedback after they have been successfully evaluated by their supervisor in order for them to improve in their teaching. He concludes that teachers’ supervision will be meaningful after the guidance, support and feedback is given to teachers by their supervisors. References Bourisaw, D. M. (1988): Anticipatory set bias: Effects on teacher observation in Evaluation: Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames Glickman, C. D. (1990): Supervision of instruction: A developmental approach, 2nd Edn: Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Knoll, M. K. (1987): Supervision for better instruction: Practical techniques for Improving staff performance: Englewood Clif, NJ: Prentice Hall. Odell, S. J. (1986): Induction support of new teachers: A functional approach. Journal of Teacher Education, 37(1), 26-29 Pfeiffer, I. L. , Dunlap, J. B. (1982): Supervision of teachers: A guide to improving instruction: Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press. Rettig, P. R. (2000): Leslie’s lament: How can I make teachers’ supervision meaningful? Educational Horizons, 79(1), 33-37. Sergiovanni, T. J. (1982): Toward a Theory of Supervisory Practice: Integrating the Scientific, Clinical, and Artistic Views. In Supervision of Teaching, ed. Thomas J. Sergiovanni. Alexandria, VA: Association of Supervision and Curriculum Development Sergiovanni, T. J. and Starratt, R. J. (1998): Supervision: A Redefinition, 6th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. Shantz, D. , Ward, T. (2000): Feedback, conservation and power in the field experience of preservice teachers. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 27 (4), 288-294.

Health Care Within the NHS Essay -- Health Care

‘There is a minimum level of care that every person with diabetes deserves and should expect from their health service’ (DiabetesUK, 2011) During her time of care, Mrs Kaur will be entitled to regular checks of her cholesterol, blood glucose and blood pressure. Also her weight, legs, feet, eyes and kidney function should be regularly monitored and help with accessing educational courses and specialist treatments that are available. Mrs Kaur should also be entitled to emotional support, advice on quitting smoking, psychological support and an individual care plan. Other services that should be made available to Mrs Kaur are free prescriptions, support in managing her condition, access to support groups and the ability to take part in diabetes events such as the ‘living with diabetes day’ event. There are many risk factors for diabetes which include smoking, low HDL levels, high LDL levels, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glycaemia, severe mental health problems, high blood pressure, previous heart attacks or strokes and overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Other risk factors are close family members (parents or siblings) with the same condition, women that have had gestational diabetes and the damage of any blood cells of any major organs. The reasons behind Mrs Kaur being at risk are firstly, her high level of junk food intake, as this has caused low HDL levels which is mainly caused by smoking, being overweight, poor diets, high carbohydrate diets, lack of physical activity and uncontrolled diabetes; the level of junk food she consumes has also caused her to have problems with her gallbladder which is most likely to be linked to gallstones as it is the most common reason for problems in this... ...itionist is the consultant nutritionist who is usually in private practice working with patients on an individual level creating meal plans specifically for increasing the patients’ health and losing weight. They also work with sportspeople creating specific meal plans for athletes. Lastly is the management nutritionists that largely work with schools to create healthy meal plans while being responsible for the ordering of all food supplies, keeping track of how all food is prepared and portion control for all meals supplied to students as well as this management nutritionists overseas all meal preparation in hospitals, schools, nursing homes and day care centres. Basically management nutritionists tend to work wherever there are big groups of people i.e. hospitals & nursing homes. Works Cited www.diabetesuk.org.uk www.prospects.ac.uk www.jobdescriptions.net

Another Man’s Poison and New Broom Sweeps

Better late than never. No discord, no concord. Love me, love my dog. A hedge between keeps friendship green. Good wine needs no bush. A wise goose never lays a tame egg. Money makes the mare go. Man proposes, God disposes. More haste, less speed. Spare the rod and spoil the child. Easier said than done. Grasp all, lose all. Action speaks louder than words. Waste not, want not. Talk of the devil and he comes. Let sleeping dogs lie. Nothing venture, nothing have. First come, first served. East and west, home is best. Home is home, be it ever so homely.Home is where the heart is. Strike when the iron is hot . The grass is greener on the other side of the fence. Where there's a will, there's a way. Where there is smoke, there is fire. Where there is life, there is hope. ‘ He who has health has hope. A burnt child dreads fire. A friend in need is a friend indeed. As you sow, so you shall reap. Barking dogs seldom bite. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. Birds of a feather flo ck together. Call a spade a spade . Every cloud has a silver lining. All that glitters is not gold. Every dog has its day. God helps those who help themselves. Great minds think alike.He laughs best who laughs last. Never do things by halves . Still waters run deep. Jack of all trades and master of none. Look before you leap. Honesty is the best policy. One man's meat is another man's poison. Once bitten twice shy. Like father, like son, like mother, like daughter . Practice makes perfect . Rome was not built in a day. Robbing Peter to pay Paul. It takes two to make a quarrel. Time and tide wait for no one. To err is human, to forgive divine. What's done can't be undone. Two heads are better than one. When in Rome do as the Romans do. A new broom sweeps clean. To put the cart before the horseThe sky is the limit. A watched pot never boils. Two's company, three's a crowd. One swallow doesn't make a summer. You cant have your cake and eat it. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Teac h an old dog new tricks. That's where the shoe pinches. The truth will out. Soon learnt, soon forgotten. Live and let live. All work no play makes Jack a dull boy. Beauty is but skin-deep. Seeing is believing, All is well that ends well. Beggars can't be choosers. Let bygones be bygones. Better safe than sorry. No news is good news. Well begun, half done. A clear conscience is a soft pillow. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.A little spark kindles a great fire. It never rains but pours. Do as you would be done by. All men cannot be first. A man can die but once. People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. A man is known by the company he keeps. A man may lead a horse to the water, but he cannot make him drink. An idle youth, a needy age. Apparel makes the man. Clothes make the man. A smart coat is a good letter of introduction. Business is business. Can the leopard change his spots? Count not your chickens before they are hatched. Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. Every man has a fool in his sleeve. Might is right. epare for a rainy day. scratch my back and I will scratch yours. Early bird catches the worm. Walls have ears. Great talkers are little doers. A penny saved is a penny gained. A rolling stone gathers no moss. Charity begins at home. Give the devil his due, When the cat is away the mice will play. Life is Just a bowl of cherries. A thing of beauty is a Joy forever. Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them. ‘In prosperity our friends know us; in adversity we know our friends. Catch not at the shadow and lose the substance. Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. A man is as old as he feels. Custom makes all things

Guns in School Essay

There should be no guns in class room. Because it may cause more violence in the school and cause more school shootings. Kids may find the gun and use it against others. Also some younger kids may feel threatened with a gun in the class room. However assuming that any teacher and kid would not go on a killing spree yes it could be a good idea, but considering most school shooting are caused by children/teens it is not a logic idea. We do not need more guns in schools I personally think that we need less guns in schools these days. There is no valid reason for there to be guns in schools unless it is owned by a police officer. Guns in schools lead to negative things and it should not happen. Say you have a fresh-faced, doe-eyed new teacher, 22 years old and starting their first day as a teacher. Now you’ve handed them a firearm and tell them that they have to have this gun with them at all times. Now the teacher might have a background with guns and be OK with that, but maybe they don’t. Perhaps they’re one of these ‘pansy liberals’ that get so much flack in the circles that think they should be armed. Well this teacher now has to make a decision, should they carry a gun on themselves and be forced to keep the student at arms length, thus hampering the learning environment, or should they simply let a multitude of kids get right up against the weapon? Well obviously we shouldn’t be giving kids the opportunity to get at the weapon, and we don’t want to hamper the learning experience, so let’s give the teacher a gun safe to put it in. Now a few months pass and this safe is opened once or twice to check on the gun, because after all gun violence is still very minimal in the US despite what people on FB might shout. However this safe has to be readily available so that the teacher can get to it in times of emergency, but that means it’s also readily available to curious and mischievous kids too. A kid will find a way to get into any locked compartment if they are determined to. Anyone who thinks this isn’t the case hasn’t been around kids. So now we have a kid with a gun, maybe the kid shoots a friend, maybe themselves, maybe the teacher. The point is this policy introduced the capability for gun violence. Now of course you can argue that ‘good’ kids wouldn’t do this. And maybe you’re right, but the schools that people always say are most in need for this sort of thing (impoverished, urban, etc) are also those that have the highest amount of children with various mental and behavioral disabilities. If you really think that it is a good idea to bring a gun into a classroom to ‘protect’ students, you haven’t been in a classroom in a long time, or you’re still an ignorant child.

History of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Capitol

History of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Capitol Santo Domingo, the  capital city of the Dominican Republic, is the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in the Americas, having been founded in 1498 by Bartholomew Columbus, brother of Christopher. The city has a long and fascinating history, having been victimized by pirates, overrun by slaves, re-named by a dictator and more. It is a city where history comes to life, and the Dominicans are justly proud of their status as the oldest European city in the Americas. Foundation of Santo Domingo Santo Domingo de Guzmn was actually the third settlement on Hispaniola. The first, Navidad, consisted of some 40 sailors who were left behind by Columbus on his first voyage when one of his ships sank. Navidad was wiped out by angry natives between the first and second voyages. When Columbus returned on his second voyage, he founded Isabela, near present-day Luperà ³n to the northwest of Santo Domingo. Conditions at Isabela were not optimal, so Bartholomew Columbus moved the settlers to present-day Santo Domingo in 1496, officially dedicating the city in 1498. Early Years and Importance The first colonial governor, Nicols de Ovando, arrived in Santo Domingo in 1502 and the city was officially the headquarters for the exploration and conquest of the New World. Spanish courts and bureaucratic offices were set up, and thousands of colonists passed through on their way to Spain’s newly discovered lands. Many of the important events of the early colonial era, such as the conquests of Cuba and Mexico, were planned in Santo Domingo. Piracy The city soon fell on hard times. With the conquest of the Aztecs and Inca complete, many of the new settlers preferred to go to Mexico or South America and the city stagnated. In January of 1586, notorious pirate Sir Francis Drake was able to easily capture the city with less than 700 men. Most of the inhabitants of the city had fled when they heard Drake was coming. Drake stayed for a month  until he had received a ransom of 25,000 ducats for the city, and when he left, he and his men carried off everything they could, including the church bells. Santo Domingo was a smoldering ruin by the time he left. The French and Haiti Hispaniola and Santo Domingo took a long time to recover from the pirate raid, and in the mid-1600s, France, taking advantage of the still-weakened Spanish defenses and looking for American colonies of its own, attacked and captured the western half of the island. They renamed it Haiti and brought in thousands of African slaves. The Spanish were powerless to stop them  and retreated to the eastern half of the island. In 1795 the Spanish were forced to cede the rest of the island, including Santo Domingo, to the French as a result of wars between France and Spain after the French Revolution. Haitian Domination and Independence The French did not own Santo Domingo for very long. In 1791, African slaves in Haiti revolted, and by 1804 had thrown the French out of the western half of Hispaniola. In 1822, Haitian forces attacked the eastern half of the island, including Santo Domingo, and captured it. It wasn’t until 1844 that a determined group of Dominicans were able to drive the Haitians back, and the Dominican Republic was free for the first time since Columbus first set foot there. Civil Wars and Skirmishes The Dominican Republic had growing pains as a nation. It constantly fought with Haiti, was reoccupied by the Spanish for four years (1861-1865), and went through a series of presidents. During this time, colonial-era structures, such as defensive walls, churches, and the Diego Columbus house, were neglected and fell into ruin. American involvement in the Dominican Republic increased greatly after the construction of the Panama Canal: it was feared that European powers could seize the canal using Hispaniola as a base. The United States occupied the Dominican Republic from 1916 to 1924. The Trujillo Era From 1930 to 1961 the Dominican Republic was ruled by a dictator, Rafael Trujillo. Trujillo was famous for self-aggrandizement, and renamed several places in the Dominican Republic after himself, including Santo Domingo. The name was changed back after his assassination in 1961. Santo Domingo Today Present day Santo Domingo has rediscovered its roots. The city is currently undergoing a tourism boom, and many colonial-era churches, fortifications, and buildings have recently been renovated. The colonial quarter is a great place to visit to see old architecture, see some sights and have a meal or a cold drink.

How to Outline an Expository Essay on Alzheimer’s Disease

How to Outline an Expository Essay on Alzheimer’s Disease End of the line: this is the conclusion to our three-part guide on Alzheimer’s disease. The first part was 10 facts on Alzheimer’s disease for an expository essay, which helped you accumulate some solid research on all aspects of the disease. The second part of the guide was 20 essay topics on Alzheimer’s disease, which must have proven highly useful in selecting a great topic. There was also a sample essay in that same guide to give you an idea about how to properly write an expository essay on the subject. This final discusses how the writing process unfolds. Let’s get to it. An expository essay on Alzheimer’s disease should have your own arguments and research. If you are quoting someone else’s research, you need to give readers your own take through comprehensive analysis. Let’s look at how the structure works: Opening Sentence You need to start your paper with a statement or thesis that portrays your own mindset and the purpose of the essay. All the questions, statistics, anecdotes, quotations, analogies and definitions you add in the following paragraphs, need to reflect your original statement. Context It’s your duty to make sure the context is understandable. You need to choose the right context while keeping what your professor wants from you in mind. Merely assuming that the reader will understand the complexity or appreciate the simplicity is a risky way to articulate. Supporting Evidence No matter how impressive your arguments and claims are, they are baseless if you haven’t provided enough to prove them entirely or create a reasonable doubt in the minds of readers. The best way to create trust in the heart of the reader is by adding real-stories in the essay, in a very concise and direct way; one way to do that is by citing a first-person experience. Transition Make sure that the transition is smooth between paragraphs. Make it a habit to knit every single line in your paragraphs so that the last one seamlessly connects with the first line of the next paragraph. In addition, stick to discussing 1-2 points in one paragraph while elaborating on the same. Discuss further points from a new paragraph, but make sure it all flows in a smooth and coherent manner. Conclusion Everything is important in your custom essay but if we were to rate one specific aspect, it would have to be the conclusion. You need to compress the entire essay in that one paragraph. Here, you need to mention your thesis, arguments, the evidence that you gathered and what you would like to research and write about further on the topic in future essays. The idea of a good conclusion isn’t to restate your thesis, but to make sure that you’ve established a firm connection with your readers. Your thesis in the conclusion shouldn’t look like a question, rather the answer to the original question. This is where we hand it over to you and wish you the best of luck. You’re now fully equipped to write an informative expository essay on Alzheimer’s disease and really impress your professor.

The Bible and Archaeology

The Bible and Archaeology An important step forward in scientific archaeological research, and a 19th-century outgrowth of the previous centurys Enlightenment  was the search for the truth of the events written about in the ancient historical accounts of the past. The main truth of the Bible, Torah, Koran, and the Buddhist sacred texts among many others is (of course) not a scientific one but a truth of faith and religion. The roots of the scientific study of archaeology are deeply planted in the establishment of the boundaries of that truth. Is the Bible Fact or Fiction? This is one of the most common questions I get asked as an archaeologist and it is one for which I have yet to find a good answer. And yet the question is at the absolute heart of archaeology, central to the growth and development of archaeology, and it is the one that gets more archaeologists into trouble than any other. And, more to the point, it brings us back to the history of archaeology. Many if not most citizens of the world are naturally curious about ancient texts. After all, they form the basis of all human culture, philosophy, and religion. As discussed in the earlier parts of this series, at the end of the Enlightenment, many archaeologists began actively searching for the cities and cultures described in the available ancient texts and histories, such as Homer and the Bible, Gilgamesh, Confucian texts, and the Vedic manuscripts. Schliemann sought Homers Troy, Botta sought Nineveh, Kathleen Kenyon sought Jericho, Li Chi sought An-Yang, Arthur Evans at Mycenae, Koldewey at Babylon, and Woolley at Ur of the Chaldees. All of these scholars and more sought archaeological events in the ancient texts. Ancient Texts and Archaeological Studies But using ancient texts as the basis for historical investigation was- and still is- fraught with peril in any culture: and not just because the truth is hard to parse out. Governments and religious leaders have vested interests in seeing that religious texts and nationalistic myths remain unchanged and unchallenged- other parties might learn to see the ancient ruins as blasphemous. Nationalistic mythologies demand that there is a special state of grace for a particular culture, that the ancient texts are received wisdom, that their specific country and people are the center of the creative world. No Planet-Wide Floods When early geological investigations proved without a doubt that there was no planet-wide flood as described in the Old Testament of the Bible, there was a great cry of outrage. Early archaeologists fought against and lost battles of this sort time and again. The results of David Randal-McIvers excavations at Great Zimbabwe, an important trading site in southeastern Africa, were suppressed by the local colonial governments who wanted to believe that the site was Phoenician in derivation and not African. The beautiful effigy mounds found throughout North America by Euroamerican settlers were wrongly attributed to either the mound builders or a lost tribe of Israel. The fact of the matter is that ancient texts are renditions of ancient culture which may be partly reflected in the archaeological record and partly will not be- not fiction nor fact, but culture. Better Questions So, lets not ask if the Bible is true or false. Instead, lets ask a series of different questions: Did the places and cultures that are mentioned in the Bible and the other ancient texts exist? Yes, in many cases, they did. Archaeologists have found evidence for many of the locations and cultures mentioned in the ancient texts.Did the events that are described in these texts happen? Some of them did; archaeological evidence in the form of physical evidence or supporting documents from other sources can be found for some of the battles, the political struggles, and the building and collapse of cities.Did the mystical things that are described in the texts occur? Its not my area of expertise, but if I were to hazard a guess, if there were miracles that occurred, they wouldnt leave archaeological evidence.Since the places and the cultures and some of the events that are described in these texts happened, shouldnt we just assume that the mysterious parts also happened? No. Not any more than since Atlanta burned, Scarlett OHara really was dumped by Rhett Butler. There are so many ancient texts and stories about how the world began and many are at variance with one another. From a global human standpoint, why should one ancient text be more accepted than any other? The mysteries of the Bible and other ancient texts are just that: mysteries. It is not, and never has been, within the archaeological purview to prove or disprove their reality. That is a question of faith, not science.

Marketing 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing 2 - Assignment Example g undertaken also they designed teaser campaign for the firm’s rebranding process also a graphic was released which showed the repealing of old and evolution of a new identity on ’01.01.01’ (date of launch)(Rebranding and Repositioning a global brand. 29 legal firms all around the world were coming up with marketing strategies and advertisements which repeatedly captured the rebranding of Andersen Consultancy and the idea that firm was evolving into a bigger and better place. Through this extensive research and massive marketing the firm transferred its brand equity from Andersen to Accenture which itself was derived from two words ‘assent’ and ‘future’, the idea of providing more and broader services than ever before. (Accenture) (Accenture, 2002) A. The shift in the Brand name as mentioned previously was a result of a legal decision which if not handled properly might have resulted in the collapse of a giant of that time. This rebranding was not a result of an innovation or anything. Criteria to evaluate the new brand name revolved around the question, that what innovation was the firm offering after this huge makeover. Business reengineering, Business Integration, Specialist in Technology, More and broader services, Masters in the field and Leaders of Future were the six agenda’s set by the firm at the time of rebranding. In the light of these criteria Accenture is the perfect fit for the company since its name in itself speaks of future and is innovative in nature too. The conversion was no less then reengineering and transforming the firm into a whole new platform, for people to look up to with a guarantee of receiving the best at their footsteps. (Accenture, 2002) A. Accenture used this opportunity of renaming itself to reposition the brand in a whole new dimension. While this process of repositioning was undertaken the company and its legal and marketing advisors kept this fact in mind that the services of consulting being performed by the

Contemporary Architecture and Ecological Knowledge Essay

Contemporary Architecture and Ecological Knowledge - Essay Example The essay "Contemporary Architecture and Ecological Knowledge" discovers the impact of ecological knowledge in molding the architecture. The effectiveness of the design in terms of incorporating ecological concepts will be evaluated, and the validity of its scientific claims, will be seen. Lastly, the new directions in this area of creative pursuit will be identified, by additional ecological knowledge. â€Å"Our duty is to translate the codes of the ecological language in a poetic way, to marry beauty with respect for the environment† (The Dirt). Such were the words of Renzo Piano, the Italian architect, while discussing ecology and architecture with the local newspaper. In his design of the Academy of Sciences building in San Francisco, Piano makes the clear decision that creating a fine balance between natural and built environment, should be the driving theme in any new building. The 400,000-sq.-ft.structure, built at the cost of $488-million, is certainly an excellent end eavor of Piano, to bring together cutting-edge technology and green design in 3- dimensional form. An aquarium, a planetarium, and a natural history museum, are part of this building. The building also houses 20 million specimens, and provides a platform for scientific research. The architect’s sensitivity towards ecology can be clearly seen in the entire design, and most impressively in the design of 2.5 acre living green roof. Although Greens roofs are no new technology, but the idea of using green roof that can generate power is new.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone - Essay Example What differentiates Hermione from many intelligent children is that not only does she learn the magical spells, she practically has the capability to recall from her memory the most appropriate spell that applies on a particular situation whenever required, and thus, serves as the ultimate rescuer for Ron and Harry. Not many brainy children are as practical as Hermione is. Her practicality also reflects in the way she practically indulges in every act with Ron and Harry at every stage till the end of the story. Hermione Granger is indeed, a true friend to Ron and Harry. It is not wrong to state that her friends possess her. She knows the meaning of friendship and can practically go to any lengths to help her friends out of the trouble. She is the very â€Å"friend in need† as they call it. She is the kind of person most parents would like their child to be friends with, given she is very optimistic and hardworking. Hermione Granger is a muggle born witch who is able to display excellent magical qualities contrary to the fact that none of her parents come from the magical world. Hermione Granger has been presented as a â€Å"know-it-all† kind of girl whose attitude is not quite welcomed by Ron Weasley particularly in their initial encounters at Hogwarts. In the start of the story, one might even start to think of her as a cheap character that shows its knowledge off to depress others. However, one later gets to realize how genuinely is she interested in learning magic and applying it to assist humanity. At the age of 11, she prefers learning â€Å"Transfiguration Charms† upon trying shades of lipstick. She is a genuine learner placed in the â€Å"Gryffindor House† because of her extreme bravery, although she was also suitable for â€Å"Ravenclaw House† because of her smartness. Hermione Granger fits best in the Stage VI of the Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral

Analysis of VSauce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of VSauce - Essay Example Creative re-engineering and several developmental phases enables VSauce to incorporate diversified mechanics that have seen them shift the focus from educative and informative channels to more scientific and comprehendible gaming channels and protocols that necessitate the collaborative impact and views and/or technical development from the users and designers in the community. This gives the channels a competitive advantage compared to other sites in that the diversity of the views and generative aspects from the collaborations help the site in development and design of cutting-edge features. Customization of videos in terms of quality and the subject matter, video, gaming, sports and the interactive aspects, offers freedom of exchange and transfer of knowledge. This merits attention as it incorporates the diversity of age, social and cultural background, economic wellness and freedom of choice from the variety which is the functional perspective of websites and their applications ( Brown 8). Vsauce incorporates the education aspect in the provision of digital, clear and chronological scientific motion pictures in the field of science giving the audience/ academic visitor a variety of videos which actualize the theoretical package taught in classroom atmosphere. This aspect diversifies its operations to more of a blog, content and archive site giving convenience to the variety of users/visitors. Also the incorporation accommodates diversified interests of a single visitor by harmonizing and providing multiple solutions in one site unlike other sites that will give specific solution to a specific interest/problem. For instance, introduction of VSauce2 that has five recurring segments to cover unusual knowledge and technology, â€Å"MindBlow†, a segment that covers the inventions that are useful and their significance to the society are not only humorous but touches the collaborative and the educative aspect of the invention part learnt in schools and in h istory. Also the â€Å"FAK† segment for facts and knowledge, which involves trivial questions, acts as a mental developmental program for all ages which gives the site credit in creativity aspects and collaborative ones as the channel’s work is from the users. Creativity is evident in the way VSauce incorporates the diversity of artistic talents from the users and the community in general. The incorporation of different â€Å"phases† of VSauce with time has seen developments in the users’ contribution in realizing the user’s talents and in line with the growth and development goal of the site and giving back to the society. For instance, the ‘BiDiPi’ segment that stands for build it, drive it and play it, incorporates the talents of the communities and the site user/fans and brings the competitive aspect of the site to the users which act as a motivational tool.

Book response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Book response - Essay Example The poems are easy and full of affective yearning, with which any reader can identify. Further, Dickman’s theme oriented composition makes it interesting for readers to discern crucial life lessons and get inspired to make amends where necessary. One predominant theme in All American Poem is â€Å"scraping for joy†, which this essay seeks to explore in greater detail. The first poem in Dickman’s collection, which explicitly addresses the theme of scraping for joy, is Slow Dance. The basic meaning of this phrase is that, people must strive to derive joy from every action they take or every experience they go through. Just like the poem title suggests, life should be a slow dance, where one soaks in every moment of happiness and avoids taking for granted the joyous aspects of life, however meager. Dickman’s poem is infused with a sense of pleasure and expectation, as one skims through the verse line by line. There is a promise of hope even in the most unexciting or demoralizing everyday activities. The poem is also emphatic on the need to eagerly grasp the relatively few moments of slow dancing with exquisite unfamiliar persons. Such acts in essence, constitute cheating life or coping with aspects of life that might seem too difficult or painful to handle. Dickman’s detailed description of ritual of slow dancing gives one, as a reader, insight into the need to live life easy and take in all the little joys. By drawing a reader’s attention to the purported mundane moments of life, and comparing these with the happy times people would enjoy if only they took the time, the poet is successfully convincing on the issue of scraping for joy. For instance, he points out mowing the lawn, making another person suffer, suffering from insomnia and even dying, as some of the negativities of life. The poet establishes juxtaposition of these negative aspects of life, with positive ones like the hope of an almond grove in pitch darkness,

Analysis of VSauce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of VSauce - Essay Example Creative re-engineering and several developmental phases enables VSauce to incorporate diversified mechanics that have seen them shift the focus from educative and informative channels to more scientific and comprehendible gaming channels and protocols that necessitate the collaborative impact and views and/or technical development from the users and designers in the community. This gives the channels a competitive advantage compared to other sites in that the diversity of the views and generative aspects from the collaborations help the site in development and design of cutting-edge features. Customization of videos in terms of quality and the subject matter, video, gaming, sports and the interactive aspects, offers freedom of exchange and transfer of knowledge. This merits attention as it incorporates the diversity of age, social and cultural background, economic wellness and freedom of choice from the variety which is the functional perspective of websites and their applications ( Brown 8). Vsauce incorporates the education aspect in the provision of digital, clear and chronological scientific motion pictures in the field of science giving the audience/ academic visitor a variety of videos which actualize the theoretical package taught in classroom atmosphere. This aspect diversifies its operations to more of a blog, content and archive site giving convenience to the variety of users/visitors. Also the incorporation accommodates diversified interests of a single visitor by harmonizing and providing multiple solutions in one site unlike other sites that will give specific solution to a specific interest/problem. For instance, introduction of VSauce2 that has five recurring segments to cover unusual knowledge and technology, â€Å"MindBlow†, a segment that covers the inventions that are useful and their significance to the society are not only humorous but touches the collaborative and the educative aspect of the invention part learnt in schools and in h istory. Also the â€Å"FAK† segment for facts and knowledge, which involves trivial questions, acts as a mental developmental program for all ages which gives the site credit in creativity aspects and collaborative ones as the channel’s work is from the users. Creativity is evident in the way VSauce incorporates the diversity of artistic talents from the users and the community in general. The incorporation of different â€Å"phases† of VSauce with time has seen developments in the users’ contribution in realizing the user’s talents and in line with the growth and development goal of the site and giving back to the society. For instance, the ‘BiDiPi’ segment that stands for build it, drive it and play it, incorporates the talents of the communities and the site user/fans and brings the competitive aspect of the site to the users which act as a motivational tool.

Optical isomerism in Thalidomide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Optical isomerism in Thalidomide - Essay Example The tragedy which occurred due to thalidomide use led to very stringent testing requirement for pesticides and drugs before licensing. Initially, thalidomide was prescribed as effective painkiller and tranquilizer for insomnia, colds, coughs, and headaches. It was a very effective antiemetic inhibiting morning sickness, and this resulted into many pregnant women using thalidomide in order relieve their pregnancy symptoms. The relationship between the drug and defects in birth were suspected by Australian obstetrician, McBride William, and the German pediatrician, Lenz Widukind. This was later proven in 1961 by Lenz. Approximately 2500 thalidomide babies were born in Germany. The United States Congress constituted laws demanding safety tests during pregnancy before approving any drug. Other nations have passed similar laws too. This has seen thalidomide not sold or prescribed in several countries for decades1. The severe thalidomide impacts led to strict tests being carried out. The d rug was tested as a one single agent for treating multiple myeloma because of its ant angiogenesis activity during the research trials. Many studies have illustrated that thalidomide in combination with dexamethasone increases the rate of survival of the patients of multiple myeloma2. However, commercially produced drug differed from the one used during the research trials, and this resulted into other thalidomide effects. The commercially produced drug differed from that used in research trials in that during commercial productions, thalidomide was produced in combination with dexamethasone and melphalan, which is today the regimen most common for the patients who are newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma. This has seen the development of other side effects such as fatigue, polyneuropathy, venous thromboembolism (VTE), skin rush, or blood clot, which may result into myocardial infarction or stroke. Several scientists have made reviews on VTE relationship with thalidomide in multipl e myeloma diagnosed patients, and the results show that thalidomide administered without prophylaxis leads to a high rate of VTE (26%). Owing to this high VTE rates with thalidomide combined with doxorubicin or dexamethasone, which is commercially produces, a black box warning was given in 2006 in the United States to the thalidomide package showing that multiple myeloma patients receiving thalidomide-dexamethasone bay concurrently benefit from thromboembolism prophylaxis or aspirin. There has been production of other thalidomide derivatives such as lenalidomide and bortezomib3. The presence of optical isomers severely affects fetal development in pregnant women. Tests from the laboratory after the thalidomide disaster indicated that in some animals the 'R' isomer was an effective sedative, but the 'S' enantiomer was tetragenic. The presence of the optical isomers may also lead to phocomelia which is characterized by shortened limbs, or even complete absence. In addition, fetus may develop hypo plastic or external ear abnormalities, facial palsy, malfunctions of genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract, or even complete absent bones. Approximately 40% of such fetuses die after birth4. Conclusion To sum up, there is no acute toxicity in thalidomide and a fatal overdose may be impossible virtually. As a component of thalidomide, Citalopram has severe effects with the dosage of thalidomide. This is because Citalopram and peripheral

Ethics Assessment Essay Example for Free

Ethics Assessment Essay It is a fact that any business organization must have its principles of code of conduct. These principles must be generally accepted as they act as a mirror to the company’s or organization’s policy of ethics and responsibility, its employees, and the entire marketing team in maintaining consumer as well as community relationships. The organization’s policy has to be based on high-level ethical principles that are fair to all its stake holders. The aim of these principles is to provide a general guidance to the organization without which no meaningful business can take place (Dubois Fattore, 2009). The mission statement, just like the code of ethics or code of conduct, is very essential as part of the organization’s business plan. It is very vital in giving the organization a clear direction concerning how the organization’s plans should be implemented as well as its future plans. The employee handbook Is another equally as important document and it is often used to evaluate the worker’s organization’s overall performance in terms of profitability and its relation with its customers and the general community. The management of any company or organization is supposed to take routine evaluation based on the key areas of the company’s or organizations set-up. These are the Mission Statement, the Ethics Code or Code of Ethics, the Supervisor’s manual as well as the employee handbook. These are the basic things that a company needs so as to be able to survive in the highly competitive world of business where excellent service delivery is the secret to success. The mission statement of any company or organization should be clear to all concerned; the employees, the supervisors and the managers in that order. The mission statement originates from the management and it is here that the managers map out the company’s guide and modes of operation (Stone, 2008). The overall manager or director of the organization should then discuss it thoroughly with fellow managers of the various departments to make sure that it meets the right description of the company before it is released to the employees and subsequently the general public who make up the target market. In order for a mission statement to be deemed successful, it must reach the intended audience as fast as possible and in a clear manner. The services or goods that the company or organization offers are sometimes not well spelt out. This leads to a misunderstanding, miscommunication or misinterpretation . This in turn leads to loss of business because the customers do not know much about the business or exactly what it is that they offer. An example is that of the hospitality industry. Some companies or organization do not care to include in their mission statement full details of what they offer. In such a case a customer may enter a business premise not knowing anything that the organization offers. If prospective customers do not know the full details of the company’s or organizations mission, then disappointment is the result and this The result in most cases is disappointment and loss of prospective customers. Such an oversight should be avoided by setting out clearly on paper what it is that the organization is dealing in instead of leaving it upon customers to guess. A mission statement is the heart of the company’s operations and therefore the managers should make sure that the set code of ethics or conduct is adhered to for the implementation of the company’s or organization’s mission to be successful. Two different companies dealing in the same goods and services were evaluated in terms of how their structures for the communication of their mission statement with relation to their business ethics and standards. In some strange way it was identified that the organization with a wide range of mission statement content performed worse than the organization with a wider range of code of ethics content (Shafritz Hyde, 2007). The above fact is characteristic of the mission and vision statement of the giant Coca Cola company which they describe as enduring, a declaration of their purpose as a corporation. This mission statement acts as the yardstick against which they weigh their decisions and actions. The company acknowledges that the world is fast changing and as such they have to look at the future. They have to understand the forces and trends likely to shape their business in the foreseeable future and the only solution is to move with speed in preparing for any challenges that may come up. The mission statement takes one only a few seconds to go through but the clarity of the message is outstanding. The three point statement reads; ‘To Refresh the World in body, mind, and spirit. , To Inspire Moments of Optimism through our brands and our actions. , To Create Value and Make a Difference everywhere we engage’ (Fry, 1989). The company’s mission is communicated to the public in a clear and simple way and this is the reason for the continued confidence consumers have always had confidence in their brands over the years. Theirs is a perfect example of an inspiring, well-crafted mission statement from a very successful corporation in the world. The company communicates its mission statement through an aggressive campaign aimed at sensitizing the consumers about their aims and goals. The inspiration for everything they do I attributed to their enduring mission. Both the workers and the management find the resolve to go on with the challenges of the corporate world by drawing from the inspiration in the mission statement. Coca Cola has as a result managed to outsmart other well positioned companies like Pepsi Cola and Schweppes Cola which had for sometime rivaled the corporation. The company is socially responsible. It has, through its mission statement managed to create stable communities by manufacturing superb brands that has provided an alternative to other less health-sensitive drinks. The factors behind this are the code of ethics under which the company operates. The customer is the most important person to the company and in essence they strive to keep him satisfied. It is the mission statement, source of their inspiration, which keeps everyone in the company focused with a view to achieving this goal (Kettl James, 2009). Coca cola’s employee manual and the supervisor’s manual provide for all the needs of the employees and the management, ranging from health benefits to reasonable pay allowances. The company has a strict program of ethics and compliance to ensure that its code of ethics is adhered to. This code of conduct requires employees be honest and have integrity in everything they do for the company and has so far been successful in guiding its business conduct (Stone, 2008). This is communicated through reading the manual and all the directors are supposed t understand and exercise them within the company and the outside community at large. The company has an ethics and compliance committee whose job is the evaluation of the compliance with relation to the company’s productivity and its relations with the outside community. This committee determines code violation and recommends the action to be taken against the violator. The code of ethics is routinely revised to improve its effectives. The company needs to improve the code of ethics and update it so as to meet the challenging and changing trends in the business fraternity. Some regulations need to be adjusted so that the employees can interact with the outside community more freely, but this should be done with some regulations so that the people who work in the production department do not leak the company’s production formula to other rival companies (Fry, 1989). Company needs to urgently review mission statement. The statement is too sketchy and many other companies have come up with more catching and better worded mission statements and this has made them sneak their way into the company’s consumer base therefore reducing Coca Cola’s share of the market. Many people all over the world who used to rely on Coca Cola for refreshment have in the recent past turned to other means like tea, water and coffee and therefore the company should redraft its mission statement to reflect the current needs of the consumers. These changes should be communicated in a very aggressive advertisement exercise that will reach all the concerned people (Shafritz Hyde, 2009). This will surely make a change in the consumers’ hearts and renew their confidence in the company’s products. If I were the general manager of the Coca Cola Company, would hire a team of experts to review the company’s ethics, evaluate it and come up with suggestions on how make the existing one better. The team would have to the consumers armed with questionnaires and ask the relevant questions to determine how best the company can improve its services to suit the likes of the consumers. REFERENCES Dubois, H. F. W. Fattore, G. (2009). Definitions and typologies in public administration. Routledge. Fry, R ( 1989). Mastering Public Administration; from Max Weber to Dwight Waldo. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham House Publishers, Inc. Kettl, D James (2009). The Politics of the Administrative Process. Washington Shafritz, J Hyde, A (2007). Classics of Public Administration. Routledge. Stone, D (2008) Global Public Policy, Transnational Policy Communities and their Networks, Journal of Policy Sciences.

The Importance Of Service Quality In Tesco Marketing Essay

The Importance Of Service Quality In Tesco Marketing Essay This is about to finding out the importance of service quality, how people give importance and also how this service quality helped the Tesco to wash out the other retail firms even they are equal in size ,market share etc. While purchasing a product the consumer will consider many factors for selecting a retail outlet. Price ,service ,range of products, etc are the promenate ones among them out of this, quality of service plays a vital role the best example for this is the success behind the grocery giant Tesco . Therefore the need and scope of the study is to examine the importance given to the service quality by consumers while selecting retail. Service characteristics: many may have their own presumption regarding the service. It is basically intangible, inseparable, heterogeneity and pershhability. The first one is like people will feel they cannot see. The next state that goods can be purchased but service cannot be purchased like this service facilitates to buy a product. Inseparability is the performance or quality achieved on produced and consumed at the same time. The other one explains that the service quality cannot be determined exactly, it is hard to structure and the last characteristic of this service quality is as this service cannot be stored and provided it should reach the customers in effective manner. (Davies and Ward., P. 282.283, 285).In 1960s and 1970 the price factor was dominating the retailers and their competitor. They were concentrating more on pricing the products, higher margins etc. in 1980s retailers started working more on non price activities like customer satisfaction .service quality etc. t hese factors gave them competitive advantage. They separately worked on customer service strategies developed along with merchandising strategy to process the consumer in search, delivery, store selection process etc this all to retain the customer loyal to the store and makes them come often for the purchase and making the customer consider that their tore as first choice store. If the retailer wants to make good business he has to work on service quality, he has to work on the ways of giving the best service to the customers. (Cook and Wartlers, P.157, 159) Food enterprises started implement this quality control because customers knew the importance of health. So retailers were in stress to use it in order to extend their market growth and also to provide safety food. Small food enterprises have forced to implement because even suppliers started to demand the quality certificate. So small enterprises are forced to get this one this helped them to them compete with competitors. (Husband and Mandal, 1999 and Rodrà ¬nges-Escobar et al., 2006). This Cleary states the importance of quality and a service required by the customers and also tells how people preference has improved. (http/:www.Sundirect.com Copyright  © 2008) There should be a proper sale promotion than only it is meaningful to proper sales will be there or else people will not know about the store, this increase the sale. Like some techniques followed in like stop and shop even customer who not have any idea of getting into the store should be encouraged to do some shopping in the store like if some customer coming to shop should motivate him to buy something and buy bigger this is suggesting the buyer to buy more products in order to give him some offers for e.g. mega mart in India. The importance of this promotion activity makes the store well reputed, selling more goods making the customers comfortable by getting the things they need. for e.g. some goods may be in upper shelf they find hard to get that product there should be some representative to help them.(Pardhan ., p.171) there are lot losses in retail sector only few are able to make profit but also there are lot of difference with these stores many people had research like pric ing, products avialabtiy etc. There are various stores available now lot of oppurnities for people to choose the shops. Generally price and service are the e factors which attract the customer even all store people can reduce the price to certain level but all stores cannot provide the same service quality of another. So basically comparison starts with price and services at present they are able to give the price but not service. In 170s there were big competition between four stores Tesco, sains bury, and asda and kwik save these were making good profit in these periods. These gaining more on 1970-80 not because of own brands but through loyalty. They sold only good products as a result these all stores got well established Tesco 7.2 8.6 8.3 12.0 13.6 Sains bury 6.1 7.02 7.7 11.5 11.9 asda 1.5 2.5 11.5 5.5 7.3 international 3.2 3.0 5.5 4.0 5.2 Fine fare 4.8 4.2 4.0 4.2 5.0 Kwik save 0.3 0.6 1.4 4.0 4.9 Allied supplier 7.9 7.0 5.7 5.0 4.8 . As this table shows the constant growth of the stores like tesco, sains burys, asda and international this growth is because of their prices and service rendered by the store. In consequent years Tesco ranked as 3 from 5 having turnover around  £ 953 million. All other stores are also improving but not like Tesco. (Retail structure pg no: 101, 2nd edition) even there is lot of fluctuatations in growth because of services rendered by the stores. There are variety of competitors there they all compete with Tesco. Tesco shows it s growth only because of various fore thinking strategies. (Akerurst and Alexander., P. 106,) From all the reference we can say that Tesco is steadily growing up with various strategies but it concentrates more on service qualities. Tesco is one of the important stores in British retailing. It sells at low price and also very excellent its service as according to the customer needs it changes the business. Even it has many competitions with equal potential it survive as the first in its performance. (Ferine and Sparks.,, P. 101) Retail environment is turning rapidly, customers wants are changing and also expectations also increased, so retailers find difficult to satisfy the customers changing needs which cannot be retained by price reduction, discounts offers etc. This can be achieved by quality of service given to the customer .for e.g. appropriate space for car parking, enough space for people to shop inside the store etc. for e.g. Tesco which has a great place for car park big place to shop so people find easy to go there and also care taken in stores with public this all services make the store successful. (http://www.springerlink.com/content/230784q16g50121x/) PROBLEM DEFINITION: The main focus of this grocery store is to retain the customer its not like fashion store or footwear store for e.g. if we buy a shirt will use that for certain months or year as similar for shoe and slippers but for grocery it is totally different we will not use the products will consume it so repeated purchases will take within certain time. Grocery is totally different aspect there will be repeated purchases in this segment, because we will not use but we will consume grocery products. Main motivate of grocery retailer is to retain the consumers, which is very essential now a day consumers expectations are more, the need for service is increasing. Therefore the purpose of the study is about service quality because his makes the consumer to retain with the store. The study is about service quality which is also key contribution for the success of Tesco. Objectives of the study: Analyzing the customer satisfaction on the quality of service rendered by Tesco. How Tesco was able to succeed its rivals. What others retailers lack in their service quality. RESEARCH DESIGN: Research design is an arrangement of terms for the collection and verifying the information for a research study, which will clearly states the purpose and need of the research like (for whom ? why ?) .(Saunders ,Lewies , Thornhill .,P., P.153) TYPE OF INVESTIGATION: The research design is Descriptive in nature because; I will be having a clear idea about the person by the answers given by him. Descriptive study is nothing but showing the accurate profile of the person. (Saunders, Lewies, Thornhill., P. 134) SAMPLING DESIGN: Non-Probability sampling is that sampling procedure which does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that each item in population has being included in the sample. The sampling procedure for the study is non-probability sampling. I am also dont know the correct population, so I define my design as non probability design (Research methods pg no: 207,208,226).the technique used in research is simple random technique it can be used with the undefined population. We can select the results in simple random sampling because these are hard to get correct answers and also my research is also very similar because very large customer so I have taken simple random sampling technique. (Saunders, Lewies, Thorn hill., P. 219) Primary data is the data collected directly from the sample. The primary data will be collected through personal interviews and questionnaires from the consumers who all coming to Tesco. Secondary data are those, which have been already gathered by others. The secondary data was collected from books, company profile, project reports, journals and websites. DATA COLLECTION METHOD: Data collection method should be very appropriate when we decide the method we have to think it in various aspects because we have to yield the good interview. So we have to plan in effective manner. The instrument used for research is a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire will be collected through schedule. A schedule consists of a list of a projects terminal element with intended start and finish dates. Respondents were contacted personally and were questionnaire is collected using schedule. (Saunders, Lewies, Thorn hill, P. 152) CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY: From all my reference I am able to understand the importance of service qualities and how it induce the organization it is very important reason for success of Tesco and also because of this lack of service quality many organization lost its market. So all employee in an organization should concentrate on service quality they have to work toward the satisfying customers and retaining them with the organization and also there should be proper motivation given to the employee to give the core benefits to the customers there should be more convenience for eg.24hours opened and 24 ATM insurances car insurances etc these are the services to be rendered.

Network (Internet) Neutrality Essays -- Internet Net Politics

Introduction Network neutrality (or more commonly, net neutrality) is a problem related to the internet that not enough people know about. Biases abound in this politically heated debate and although most people that know even a little on the argument have strong opinions, it is becoming more and more apparent that few people are informed about this issue at all. To reiterate, network neutrality has great support on both sides. However, if this problem is not soon addressed, there could be major problems with how the public uses the internet. Hypothesis By looking at what is best for the public and for the internet as a whole, net neutrality laws should be put into place to preserve the characteristics of the internet that make it unique. Definition of Net Neutrality Simply put, net neutrality is a network design paradigm that argues for broadband network providers to be completely detached from what information is sent over their networks. In essence, it argues that no bit of information should be prioritized over another. This principle implies that an information network such as the internet is most efficient and useful to the public when it is less focused on a particular audience and instead attentive to multiple users. To draw a simple example, take two content providers such as the Verizon website and the University of California website. If net neutrality were upheld, both entities would pay their monthly fees to the network provider and if all else equal, any bit of information from the Verizon website will make the same trek as one from say the UC Berkeley website. There would be no roadblocks or shortcuts any of the websites can take to make the end user desire their content more. However, witho... ... market will only hurt consumers if there is no government intervention. By allowing the telcos to tier the internet, consumers will be forced to pay multiple times for the same service. On top of that, tiering could result in telcos becoming an internet â€Å"gatekeeper† that could greatly influence what stays and goes on the internet. Even still, the cases against net neutrality and for tiering are weak at best. Their arguments that content providers are receiving a â€Å"free lunch† are unsubstantiated and, in fact, the telcos are paid twice already. There should be no need for them to be paid a third time. Worse of all is their misleading view that the free market will even out any inequities of their plans when they should clearly know that their industry is anything but a free market. If the internet is tiered, the greatest losses will be to the consumers. Network (Internet) Neutrality Essays -- Internet Net Politics Introduction Network neutrality (or more commonly, net neutrality) is a problem related to the internet that not enough people know about. Biases abound in this politically heated debate and although most people that know even a little on the argument have strong opinions, it is becoming more and more apparent that few people are informed about this issue at all. To reiterate, network neutrality has great support on both sides. However, if this problem is not soon addressed, there could be major problems with how the public uses the internet. Hypothesis By looking at what is best for the public and for the internet as a whole, net neutrality laws should be put into place to preserve the characteristics of the internet that make it unique. Definition of Net Neutrality Simply put, net neutrality is a network design paradigm that argues for broadband network providers to be completely detached from what information is sent over their networks. In essence, it argues that no bit of information should be prioritized over another. This principle implies that an information network such as the internet is most efficient and useful to the public when it is less focused on a particular audience and instead attentive to multiple users. To draw a simple example, take two content providers such as the Verizon website and the University of California website. If net neutrality were upheld, both entities would pay their monthly fees to the network provider and if all else equal, any bit of information from the Verizon website will make the same trek as one from say the UC Berkeley website. There would be no roadblocks or shortcuts any of the websites can take to make the end user desire their content more. However, witho... ... market will only hurt consumers if there is no government intervention. By allowing the telcos to tier the internet, consumers will be forced to pay multiple times for the same service. On top of that, tiering could result in telcos becoming an internet â€Å"gatekeeper† that could greatly influence what stays and goes on the internet. Even still, the cases against net neutrality and for tiering are weak at best. Their arguments that content providers are receiving a â€Å"free lunch† are unsubstantiated and, in fact, the telcos are paid twice already. There should be no need for them to be paid a third time. Worse of all is their misleading view that the free market will even out any inequities of their plans when they should clearly know that their industry is anything but a free market. If the internet is tiered, the greatest losses will be to the consumers.

Mind Control Essay

Have you ever walked around a shopping mall intending to go to only one store, yet two hours later you’re still in the mall and you haven’t walked into the only store you planned to go into? What pulled you into the other stores? You were just walking down and all of a sudden you smelled a whiff of some good scent, so you walk into Abercrombie and Fitch. The smell hooked you in and then you began looking at clothes and the time just got the best of you and your money. Abercrombie and Fitch used a form of mind control to hook you in and get you to walk into their store and then buy their product. Today we will discuss the topic of mind control, how it affects us as students today, and how the media shapes our ideals and values with mind control. Mind control is defined in psychology as Social Influence. Social influence occurs every minute of every day. It’s the many ways in which people can manipulate other people’s perspectives beliefs and ethics. For instance, The Compliance Method is intent to make a shift in a person’s behavior, not in his perspective or belief. This is one of the biggest advertising campaigns that are being used so successfully today. It’s the â€Å"Just do it† approach. Persuasion, on the other hand, aims for a change in attitude, or â€Å"Do it because it will make you feel Blissful, Healthy, or prosperous.† Whereas the Education Method (which is called the propaganda method if you don’t believe what is being taught.) attempts to alter a distortion in a person’s beliefs, saying something along the lines of â€Å"Do it because you know it’s the right thing to do.† A common way that millions of people get brainwashed as young adults is as being students. Grading, humiliation, favoritism and other techniques, are used in most school systems to punish and reward certain behaviors and ideas. An abundance amount of kids learn in school for example, that t hey are secondary, stupid, inadequate, untalented , and failures thanks to absentmindedness or intended brainwashing done by teachers, who are commonly themselves brainwashed. Students furthermore learn not to be creative, not to question authority, not to be individuals or do things that differ from the mainstream way. Subconsciously they dread the disciplinary action and humiliation that came when they were in school years before. This is mainly the reason many adults  are afraid to ask their questions and thereafter never learn new things. This condition affects thousands worldwide and limits adult intellectual growth. Perhaps the most powerful, yet the least recognized form of brainwashing is in the media. The media affects our thought patterns, expectations, priorities and relationships. The advertising industry influences parents by making them feel that they can buy their children’s love. They accomplish this through linking love and guilt with the purchase of products. Instead of being a good parent, they minimize they’re guilt by buying their kid the newest product on the market. Parents spend approximately 16 hours a week with their children; while they’re children spend about 40 hours a week on any sort of media. This shocking statistic shows just exactly what is most influential in a child’s life. The media especially preys on kids and teens under the age of 24, because this is when they’re brains are most impressionable. You’ve probably noticed many teenagers imitating the dress and even the speech patterns of the rich and famous. Take the Kardashian’s for example, how many girls do you see trying to talk like Kim or look like Kyle? Isn’t it scary how easily influenced we are by what’s going on around us? Brainwashing happens every minute of every day. Whether it’s from the constant media were always hooked into, our upbringing or just the society we are living in today. Now that we are aware of what’s going on around us, we can make sure we agree with what is being fed to us and not just â€Å"do it† because were told it will make us feel a certain way, because it’s the right thing to do, or just do it because everyone else is.

Concepts of Business Education Essay

Presentations: The nurses will be shown presentations by experienced nurses and doctors. 5. Quiz: There will be quizzes held for the nurses on the things taught. 6. Evaluation: The nurses will be evaluated according to their performance. 7. Demonstrations: The nurses will be given demonstrations by the experienced nurses on care giving. 8. Implementation: The nurses will have to demonstrate whatever they have learnt under the supervision of the department head. 9. Post evaluation: Depending on the performance of the nurses, they will be posted in the required departments. The most basic problem of philosophy of education is that concerning aims: what are the proper aims and guiding ideals of education? What are the proper criteria for evaluating educational efforts, institutions, practices, and products? Some of the AIMS proposed or involved in the educational endeavor are †¢cultivation of curiosity and the disposition to inquire fostering of creativity †¢production of knowledge and of knowledgeable students †¢enhancement of understanding †¢promotion of moral thinking †¢feeling and action †¢enlargement of the imagination fostering of growth, development, and self-realization Based on the AIMS concept we are building an online learning system for our employees: Ideally, the learning outcomes in order of priority are ?Translated into course content, resources and an approach to the teaching and learning process that will enable a student to achieve those outcomes. ?Once these basic parameters have been thought through, the courseware development team will share the responsibility of translating the theory and intentions into courseware and online learning functions. These courses will then be delivered by the learning management system (LMS) ? LMS will interface with the library and other digital resources & related services along with the student information system (SIS) ? This activity will be done through a secure server that can authenticate the student login. From the students’ point of view, they will connect to the LMS and the related services through a user-friendly users’ portal, with a single login, they can have access to their courses and can be linked to all related resources and services. Finally, to ensure ongoing improvement, an evaluation process for the effectiveness of the system, based on achievement of the learning outcomes and students’ feedback will be put in place, in the form of an independent quality assessment process, which also provides feeds back into the development cycle. Through the above steps the organization plans to provide quality education by making them online, the courses would cover organizational development programs like oTime Management oLeadership Skills Training oConflict Management Workforce Development Relating LMS ; Courses to AIMS as per John Dewey †¢AIMS always relate to results, the first and most important thing is whether the work assigned possesses intrinsic continuity †¢AIMS implies an orderly and ordered activity, one in which the order consists in the progressive completion of a process †¢AIMS means foresight in advance of the end or possible termination †¢AIMS as a foreseen end gives direction to the activity; it’s not an idle view for the spectator but influences steps taken to reach the end. How each prior event leads into its successor while the successor takes up what is furnished and utilizes it for some other stage, until we arrive at the end, which summarizes and finishes the process? †¢Foresight functions in 3 ways ?Involves careful observation of given conditions and means available to reach the end. ?Suggest the proper order or sequence in the use of means, facilitating economical selection and arrangement. ?Makes choice of alternatives possible

A Systemic Functional Analysis of the Advertisement of the Cadd

[pic] A Systemic Functional Analysis of the Advertisement of the CADD A statistic in 2008 shows that around one in six deaths on roads caused by drunk drivers. People may have wrong judgment and slower reaction after they drunk alcohols. A traffic accident is most likely to occur in such situations. As a consequence, a variety of campaigns have taken numerous actions to persuade people not to drink and drive. They built websites, and published advertisements and videos to promote their ideas. The Campaign Against Drinking & Driving is one of them.CADD is trying to free people whose relatives have died or injured in drunk driving from sorrows. This short essay will analyze a public service advertisement against drink and drive published in the website of the CADD. The visual images, verbal texts, and the linkage between them will be discussed in systemic functional approaches. The advertisement is displayed in a horizontal angle which involves viewers’ reflection. Two elements, a collection of smashed glasses and the sentence â€Å" What’s the price of a bottle of wine† are most salient in their color and size.In a blank background, the green glasses and the red sentence are enlarged to attract viewers’ attention. Furthermore, the distance between viewers and the visual image become intimate by close shot. Firstly, some visual metaphors can easily observed from the visual image of this advertisement. The shape of broken bottle is identical to a crashed car. The target domain is a collection of smashed glasses, while the source domain is a crashed car. The separated segment can be seen as the tyre of the crashed car. In addition, some small glasses that arranged to two lines can be regarded as car tracks.The designer used a broken bottle to form a scene of a car accident. The connection between the broken bottle and the crashed car is the wine, namely, the alcohol. It warns implicitly that a car accident will happen if the intake of al cohol is excessive. Apart from the connotation the metaphors contain, some other elements abd styles of representation are consisdered as carrriers of connotation (Machin,2007). Firstly, the participant can be analyzed. As there is no participant in the â€Å"crashed car†, it can be concluded that the result of drunk driving is being a victim in a car accident.Then, the color of these visual images also has connotations. The color of headline and text is red, while the wine bottle is green. Since the background is blank, these two contrastive colors form a sharp contrast to attract viewers’ attention. The red color also means warning, so that viewers will put more attention on the headline and text. Additionally, the linguistic messages cause the advertisement’s purpose more explicit. There are two clauses in the advertisement. The first clause is a special question which asks for the viewers’ responses.The designer wanted viewers to give an answer of â⠂¬Å"price†. According to the analysis, the â€Å"price† in the headline â€Å"what’s the price of a bottle of wine† can be analyzed in three levels. The first level is analyzing from its denotation. The â€Å"price† in this level will be the value labeled in the goods shelf. The second and third level meanings are connoted in the background. The â€Å"price† in these two levels are more likely consequences of drunk driving. As this advertisement aimed at persuading people not to drink and drive, the connotation of â€Å"price† can be derived from it.The â€Å"price† paid in the second level is drunk drivers’ health, even the life. In order to understand the third level, the background of the Campaign Against Drinking & Driving should be introduced. One of the CADD aims is providing support to the families of victims killed or injured by drunk drivers (CADD). If a person killed or injured because of drinking alcohol over l egal limit, his relatives will in grief for a long time. As a consequence, the â€Å"price† in the third level is the sorrows of relatives. A word play the designer made can be noticed after analyzed the three levels the headline contains.The viewers will understand the meaning of headline by digging into the word â€Å"price†. After the advertisement having guided viewers to consider the the consequences of drunk driving, the designer raise his idea timely in the following text. â€Å"Don’t drink and drive† is an imperative sentence which expresses the attitude of persuasion. If visual images linked together with linguistics messages, the advertisement will be understood better. The headline and the broken bottle are complementary in achieving the goal of the advertisement. The verbal texts appears in the top, and the image forms an illustration of it.A question is introduced by the headline, and the broken car extended viewers’ understanding of t his question. The viewers are led to the direction of the relationship between the wine and the car. In this way, the visual image extends the understanding of the verbal information. In addition, the second clause also can related with the logo in the advertisement. The logo was comprised of four capital letters: CADD; which is the abbreviation of the Campaign Against Drinking & Driving. The idea that transmitted by the campaign is not drinking and driving, which expresses the same meaning with the text.Moreover, there are a wine glass in the first letter D, while a car key in the latter letter D, and red slashes cut the letters. As a result of special form of letters, the topic of the advertisement is pointed out: do not drink and drive. Additionally, the red slashes echo the color used in the text and the headline, which connects the elements in this advertisement closely. In conclusion, this essay analyzed the visual images, linguistic messages and the connection between them in systematic functional approaches. The purpose of this advertisement is persuading people not to drink and drive.The designer guided people to think about the consequences of drunk driving in visual and verbal messages, then the designer’s purpose is achieved by a persuasive way. However, because the publisher of this advertisement is a campaign that mainly helps the drunk drivers’ relatives, more attention will be attracted, if some information about those people added. Word count:1022 Reference Machin, D. (2007) Introduction to Multimodal Analysis, Hodder Education CADD Retrieved from http://cadd. org. uk/aims. htm This advertisement is retrieved from http://gongyi. hexun. com/2011-08-12/132383278. html

Coca Cola Promoting cocaine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coca Cola Promoting cocaine - Essay Example Focus has also been given upon how the company had dealt with different allegations arising out of its controversial advertisements and the messages which it was actually trying to put across. The paper analyses the advertisements from the perspective of who, when, where, what and why. Additionally some of the marketing characteristics associated with the advertisements have also been analysed vividly. Diet cokes new ad campaign featuring the tag line â€Å"You are on Diet Coke† is seen to be drawing much criticism as many claim that the ad is seen to be promoting cocaine and is in reference to the drug (US magazine, 2014). However, the company officials dismiss the claim and states that The Coca-Cola Company in no way endorses any kind of drugs. Diet coke has been receiving a number of such viewer criticisms since its inception into the American market. Consumers feel that the manner in which Coca-Cola promotes Diet Coke is supportive of illegal drugs such as cocaine. The tag line â€Å"You are on Diet Coke† is depicted in a manner such that the word â€Å"Diet† is less visible. The line appears more like â€Å"You are on Coke†. Consumers claim that the advertisement refers more to cocaine rather than the drink itself. Many debates were aroused in respect of this advertising campaign. Critics claim that the company’s promotional tactics misdirec ted consumers (US magazine, 2014). The Coca-Cola Company was also very recently caught up in a controversy relating to its recent Super Bowl advertisement. Viewers claim that the advertisement sends across a message which is racist in nature as it was broadcasted in multilingual versions. The advertisement’s tagline is â€Å"America is Beautiful†. The company responds to such controversies by stating that the motive of the advertisement was to send across the message that America is beautiful because of its rich diversity. The advertisement has also

Globalization And Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Globalization And Culture - Research Paper Example He argues that this is because of the commercialization of culture through media, affecting civilizational, religious and cultural values. The world is thus losing its cultural diversity and is arriving at a monocultural state, which is the resultant of the homogenization of cultures through globalization. II. The Origin of Globalization and its Impact on World Culture—Varying models Globalization is a universal phenomenon resulting from commercial interactions and trade between countries. Globalization accelerated from the 1870s until the beginning of the First World War in 1914, when all countries worldwide felt the effects of an international economy (Haynes, 2010p. 134). Various routes, by both land and sea, had been developed in historical times, whose main function was to facilitate trade. However, goods were not the only entities that were being exchanged. Religious and cultural exchanges were also widespread across these routes. For instance, the influence of Buddhism, which originated in India, on Central Asia, China, Tibet, Japan and South East Asia occurred due to trade contact among these countries; and the Silk route enabled cultural exchanges between Central Asia, China and Europe (Yazdani, 2009, p. 55). The effect of globalization on culture is explained using various models described below. However, no single model is enough to relate the actual s pread of globalization. A. Vanguardist Model The Vanguardist model puts forth the notion that European culture expanded from the West to the rest of the world.

Godrej Interio Furniture E-business Strategy Case Study

Godrej Interio Furniture E-business Strategy - Case Study Example The company Godrej Interio Furniture has been operating as a sole proprietorship for the past five years. The company established a need to go online for operation and make the business a click and mortar operation. The market that was currently being targeted by the company pertained to a niche target which wants customized and designer furniture made with class and high quality materials. The product is a luxury good provided to a niche of the market. In the past the company has been reporting significant loss but as other business and retail stores in the region are adopting the e-business strategy the company also wants to integrate communicative technology in its operations and start a click and mortar operation.However with the advancement of technology that is taking place and the incremental amount of business going online, the establishment is also interested in starting online operations as well. The company is interested in going online and making the business click and mo rtar business. With access to the internet the company will be exposed to larger target market. They would be able to sell their products to the target market outside the political and state boundaries of the local region. This will significantly impact the operations of the business which will expand and can then go global in the long run. However in order to be able to start a business or a retail option online the company will have to brand itself and its products to stand out form the competition.  ... The operation is for the company called Godrej Interio Furniture. The company Godrej Interio Furniture is currently a brick and mortar business which sells unique and trendy furniture and home decoration items. The niche targeted by the company is the upper and the middle upper class market for segment of the target market. The product that is provided by the company is generally customized in nature and only designer pieces are sold in the shop. The shop is an exclusive option for the high street and high end shoppers. This assignment will review the impact of the Web, knowledge management and information technology on promoting business online. Also, the assignment will cover basic elements of the new technological environment and the techniques of knowledge management, the way global marketing is conducted. 2. Introduction of the organization Company History The company Godrej Interio Furniture has been operating as a sole proprietorship for the past five years. The company established a need to go online for operation and make the business a click and mortar operation. The market that was currently being targeted by the company pertained to a niche target which wants customized and designer furniture made with class and high quality materials. The product is a luxury good provided to a niche of the market. In the past the company has been reporting significant loss but as other business and retail stores in the region are adopting the e-business strategy the company also wants to integrate communicative technology in its operations and start a click and mortar operation. However with the advancement of technology that is taking place and the incremental amount of business going online, the